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. 2019 Jan 17;9(1):e024696.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024696.

Depressive symptoms and quality of life after screening for cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes: observations from the Cog-ID cohort study

Jolien Janssen  1 , Paula S Koekkoek  1 , Geert-Jan Biessels  2 , Jaap L Kappelle  2 , Guy E H M Rutten  1 ; Cog-ID study group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Depressive symptoms and quality of life after screening for cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes: observations from the Cog-ID cohort study

Jolien Janssen et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: To assess changes in depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after screening for cognitive impairment in people with type 2 diabetes.

Design: A prospective cohort study, part of the Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes (Cog-ID) study.

Setting: Participants were screened for cognitive impairment in primary care. People suspected of cognitive impairment (screen positives) received a standardised evaluation at a memory clinic.

Participants: Participants ≥70 years with type 2 diabetes were included in Cog-ID between August 2012 and September 2014, the current study includes 179 patients; 39 screen positives with cognitive impairment, 56 screen positives without cognitive impairment and 84 participants not suspected of cognitive impairment during screening (screen negatives).

Outcome measures: Depressive symptoms and HRQOL assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions questionnaire and the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale. Outcomes were assessed before the screening, and 6 and 24 months after screening. An analysis of covariance model was fitted to assess differences in score changes among people diagnosed with cognitive impairment, screen negatives and screen positives without cognitive impairment using a factor group and baseline score as a covariate.

Results: Of all participants, 60.3% was male, mean age was 76.3±5.0 years, mean diabetes duration 13.0±8.5 years. At screening, participants diagnosed with cognitive impairment had significantly more depressive symptoms and a worse HRQOL than screen negatives. Scores of both groups remained stable over time. Screen positives without cognitive impairment scored between the other two groups at screening, but their depressive symptoms decreased significantly during follow-up (mean CES-D: -3.1 after 6 and -2.1 after 24 months); their HRQOL also tended to improve.

Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are common in older people with type 2 diabetes. Screening for and a subsequent diagnosis of cognitive impairment will not increase depressive symptoms.

Keywords: dementia; primary care.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: GJB consults for and receives research support from Boehringer Ingelheim and has received speaker’s fees from Eli Lily. Compensation for these activities is transferred to his employer, the UMC Utrecht. The other authors report no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Patient flow. CI, cognitive impairment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life scores over time. CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CI, cognitive impairment; EQ-VAS, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale; EQ-5D, European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions; MCS, Mental Component Scale; Mo, month; PCS, Physical Component Scale.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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