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Review
. 2018 Oct-Dec;11(4):306-314.
doi: 10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_132_18.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Its Evolution, Where Are We Today?

Firuza Rajesh Parikh  1 , Arundhati Sitaram Athalye  1 , Nandkishor Jagannath Naik  1 , Dattatray Jayaram Naik  1 , Rupesh Ramesh Sanap  1 , Prochi Fali Madon  1
Affiliations
Review

Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Its Evolution, Where Are We Today?

Firuza Rajesh Parikh et al. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2018 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is an early form of prenatal genetic diagnosis where abnormal embryos are identified, thereby allowing transfer of genetically normal embryos. This technology has become an integral part of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) procedures. Initial experiments with animals as early as 1890 and those in the mid and later part of the last century paved the forward path of ART and PGT. This review article covers the evolution of PGT and is a pointer toward current and fast-evolving technology, allowing scientists and doctors to better comprehend human reproduction, and ensure healthy pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology; array comparative genomic hybridization; fluorescence in situ hybridization; next-generation sequencing; preimplantation genetic diagnosis; preimplantation genetic screening; preimplantation genetic testing.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sperm nuclear decondensation in zona-free hamster oocyte
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection – Sperm is microinjected into the cytoplasm of the oocyte
Figure 3
Figure 3
Biopsy techniques: (a) Blastomere biopsy (b) trophectoderm biopsy (c) polar body biopsy
Figure 4
Figure 4
Day 3 versus day 5 biopsy. Implantation rates following a randomized paired analysis of the effects of cleavage-stage and blastocyst-stage biopsies on embryo reproductive potential. Sustained implantation and delivery of the biopsied embryo were significantly reduced compared with its control sibling, when the biopsy was performed on day 3 at the cleavage-stage (McNemar Chi-square: P < 0.03). A similar paired analysis demonstrated that the developmental potential of embryos undergoing trophectoderm biopsy at the blastocyst stage was equivalent to the nonbiopsied control sibling
Figure 5
Figure 5
Day 5, day 6, and day 7 biopsies should be included for preimplantation genetic testing analysis. There is no significant difference between euploidy/aneuploidy rates in day 5, day 6, and day 7 blastocysts
Figure 6
Figure 6
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on preimplantation genetic screening with comprehensive chromosome screening versus routine care
Figure 7
Figure 7
Overall implantation rate increases in comprehensive chromosome screening with eSET cases independent of age
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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