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. 2019 Feb 21;9(1):2431.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36511-z.

Concentration Levels, Biological Enrichment Capacities and Potential Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Eichhornia crassipes from Honghu Lake, China

Jingdong Zhang  1   2 , Yanan Li  1   2 , Chaoyang Liu  3   4 , Fei Li  1   2 , Liyun Zhu  1   2 , Zhenzhen Qiu  1   2 , Minsi Xiao  1   2 , Zhaofei Yang  1   2 , Ying Cai  1   2
Affiliations

Concentration Levels, Biological Enrichment Capacities and Potential Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Eichhornia crassipes from Honghu Lake, China

Jingdong Zhang et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This study investigated the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, As and Cd in different tissues of E. crassipes from Honghu Lake. The total concentrations of trace elements in E. crassipes were observed in descending order: Zn (111.6162) > Cu (15.7494) > Cr (7.0466) > Pb (5.6251) > As (3.6831) > Cd (0.1941) mg/kg. The order of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) measured in E. crassipes was Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd > 1, indicating that E. crassipes possessed a strong biological enrichment ability to accumulate a variety of trace elements. The translocation factor (TF) values decreased in the order of Cu > Zn > Cr > As > Pb > Cd, all of which were lower than 1, which showed that the absorption of the trace elements by E. crassipes was mainly accomplished in the roots. Moreover, the health risk assessments showed that the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of the edible parts of E. crassipes were 26.1 and 4.6 times higher than the maximum acceptable value recommended by the USEPA for adults and children of approximately 39.2- and 6.9-fold, respectively. Children were more sensitive than adults. The main trace elements that led to noncarcinogenic risks were As, Cr and Cu, while Cr and As led to carcinogenic risks. The results of the Pearson correlation showed positive correlations with the concentrations of Zn, Cr and As between E. crassipes and the water as well as negative correlations of the contents of all six trace elements between E. crassipes and the sediment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of trace elements in different tissues samples of Eichhornia crassipes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Concentrations of the trace elements in water and root from the sampling sites.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The non-carcinogenic health risk for trace elements caused by Eichhornia crassipes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The carcinogenic health risk for trace elements caused by Eichhornia crassipes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Map of the sampling site locations in Honghu Lake.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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