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Observational Study
. 2019 Apr;61(4):381-387.
doi: 10.1111/ped.13815. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: Outcome up to preschool age, in a single center of Austria

Friedrich Reiterer  1 , Anna Scheuchenegger  1 , Bernhard Resch  1 , Ute Maurer-Fellbaum  1 , Alexander Avian  2 , Berndt Urlesberger  1
Affiliations
Observational Study

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: Outcome up to preschool age, in a single center of Austria

Friedrich Reiterer et al. Pediatr Int. 2019 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent chronic lung disease in infancy and is associated with neonatal comorbidity and impairment in pulmonary and neurodevelopmental (ND) long-term outcome.

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study to compare a cohort of very preterm infants (gestational age [GA], 24+0 -28+6 weeks) with BPD (n = 44), with a cohort of GA-matched preterm infants without BPD (n = 44) with regard to neonatal morbidity, incidence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), ND outcome and growth to 2 years' corrected age (CA) and preschool age.

Results: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (incidence, 11.3%) was associated with a higher rate of neonatal pneumonia (26% vs 7%, P = 0.001), longer total duration of mechanical ventilation (mean days, 21 vs 13, P < 0.001), and a higher rate of pulmonary hypertension (20.5% vs 0%, P = 0.002) and of severe retinopathy of prematurity (13.6% vs 0%, P = 0.026). Incidence of LRTI was significantly higher in the BPD infants (50% vs 26%, P = 0.025). ND outcome did not differ between the two groups. Growth at neonatal intensive care unit discharge was similar. In the BPD cohort, rate of weight < 10th percentile was higher at 2 years' CA (52% vs 30%, P = 0.041) and rate of head circumference < 10th percentile was higher at preschool age (59% vs 27%, P = 0.028).

Conclusion: Neonatal respiratory morbidity was significantly higher in the BPD cohort, but long-term ND outcome did not differ. Infants with BPD had poorer growth.

Keywords: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; growth; morbidity; neurodevelopment; preterm infant.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of subject selection and follow up (FU). BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CA, corrected age; GA, gestational age; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PMA, post‐menstrual age.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of patients with (a) weight < 10th percentile, (b) length < 10th percentile and (c) head circumference < 10th percentile in infants (formula image) with and (formula image) without bronchopulmonary dysplasia at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), at 2 years' corrected age (CA) and at preschool age. *P < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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