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Review
. 2019 Feb 21;24(4):781.
doi: 10.3390/molecules24040781.

A Brief Review on New Naturally Occurring Cembranoid Diterpene Derivatives from the Soft Corals of the Genera Sarcophyton, Sinularia, and Lobophytum Since 2016

Inna Glibka Rodrigues  1 , Maria Graça Miguel  2 , Wissem Mnif  3   4
Affiliations
Review

A Brief Review on New Naturally Occurring Cembranoid Diterpene Derivatives from the Soft Corals of the Genera Sarcophyton, Sinularia, and Lobophytum Since 2016

Inna Glibka Rodrigues et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

This work reviews the new isolated cembranoid derivatives from species of the genera Sarcophyton, Sinularia, and Lobophytum as well as their biological properties, during 2016⁻2018. The compilation permitted to conclude that much more new cembranoid diterpenes were found in the soft corals of the genus Sarcophyton than in those belonging to the genera Lobophytum or Sinularia. Beyond the chemical composition, the biological properties were also reviewed, namely anti-microbial against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral against several types of cancer cells. In spite of the biological activities detected in almost all samples, there is a remarkable diversity in the results which may be attributed to the chemical variability that needs to be deepened in order to develop new molecules with potential application in medicine.

Keywords: Lobophytum; Sarcophyton; Sinularia; anti-inflammatory; anti-microbial; anti-tumoral.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cembrane skeleton.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cembranoid diterpenes isolated from Sarcophyton sp., collected at the Karah Island (West Malaysia) [21].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cembranoid diterpenes isolated from Sarcophyton sp. on the reef at Mahengetang Island (Indonesia) [31]. (a) The names are attributed according to the authors: sarcophytoxide (20), sarcrassin E (21), 3,7,11-cembretriene-2,15-diol (22), 11,12-epoxy-sarcophytol A (23), and sarcophytol A (24); (b) names attributed to the literature (11,12-epoxysarcophytol A (25), sarcophytol A (26), sarcophytoxide (27), 3,7,11-cembretriene-2,15-diol (28), and sarcrassin E (29).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cembranoid diterpenes isolated from Sarcophyton sp. on the reef at Mahengetang Island (Indonesia) [31]. (a) The names are attributed according to the authors: sarcophytoxide (20), sarcrassin E (21), 3,7,11-cembretriene-2,15-diol (22), 11,12-epoxy-sarcophytol A (23), and sarcophytol A (24); (b) names attributed to the literature (11,12-epoxysarcophytol A (25), sarcophytol A (26), sarcophytoxide (27), 3,7,11-cembretriene-2,15-diol (28), and sarcrassin E (29).
Figure 4
Figure 4
New cembranoid diterpene isolated from Sarcophyton sp. collected from the coastal waters Bohey Dulang, Sabah, Malaysia [32].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cembranoid diterpenes isolated from S. ehrenbergi, from the Red Sea and South China Sea [20,27].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Biscembranoids and cembranoid diterpenes isolated from Sarcophyton elegans, collected at Xisha Islands in the South China Sea [22].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Cembranoid diterpenes isolated from S. stellatum, from the coast of Dongsha Atoll, Taiwan [33] and coast of Madagascar [24].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Biscembranoid-like compounds, bissubvilides A (72) and B (73) from the soft coral Sarcophyton subviride.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Cembranoid diterpenes isolated from S. trocheliophorum, from the Red Sea and South China Sea [23,25,28,34].
Figure 10
Figure 10
New cembranoid diterpene isolated from S. cherbonnieri from the Jihui Fish Port, Taiwan (Philippine Sea) [35].
Figure 11
Figure 11
Cembranoid diterpene derivatives isolated from Sinularia erecta from South China Sea [37].
Figure 12
Figure 12
Cembranoid diterpene derivatives isolated from Sinularia compacta from the South China Sea (Tongguling National Nature Reserve of Coral Reefs) [38].
Figure 13
Figure 13
Cembranoid diterpene isolated from Sinularia sp. collected in Mantanani Island, Sabah and Yongxing Island, both in the South China Sea [42,43].
Figure 14
Figure 14
Cembranoid diterpene-derivarives from Sinularia flexibilis from the South China Sea (Sanya Bay, Hainan Island; Mantanani Island, Sabah; Megalum Island, Sabah; Yongxing Island, Coast of Liuqiu, Taiwan) [39,44,45,46]. 5-Dehydrosinulariolide and 11-dehydrosinulariolide have the same number, because the chemical structure found in the references is the same for both names.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Cembranoid diterpenes from wild Lobophytum crassum from China (South China Sea and Twain) [9,54,55,56] and from aquaculture L. crassum [57].
Figure 15
Figure 15
Cembranoid diterpenes from wild Lobophytum crassum from China (South China Sea and Twain) [9,54,55,56] and from aquaculture L. crassum [57].
Figure 16
Figure 16
Casbanes and cembrane diterpenes from a soft coral Lobophytum collected in the coast of Irabu Island (Okinawa, Japan) [53].
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