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. 2019 Jun;30(6):1255-1263.
doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-04893-z. Epub 2019 Feb 23.

Bone involvement in young adults with cystic fibrosis awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage respiratory failure

E Cairoli #  1   2 , C Eller-Vainicher #  3 , L C Morlacchi  4 , P Tarsia  4 , V Rossetti  4 , M Pappalettera  4 , M Arosio  3   5 , I Chiodini  6   5 , F Blasi  7   4
Affiliations

Bone involvement in young adults with cystic fibrosis awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage respiratory failure

E Cairoli et al. Osteoporos Int. 2019 Jun.

Abstract

Patients with cystic fibrosis awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage respiratory failure have high prevalence of reduced bone mineral density and fragility fracture. Suboptimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels could significantly contribute to the development of cystic fibrosis-related bone disease.

Introduction: The assessment of the prevalence of cystic fibrosis-related bone disease (CFBD) and its associated risk factors in young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage respiratory failure.

Methods: Clinical characteristics, bone mineral density (BMD), the parameters of calcium metabolism, including vitamin D (25OHVitD) levels, and the presence of fragility fractures were evaluated in 42 CF patients (24 females, age 34.0 ± 8.4 years) consecutively referred as lung transplant candidates.

Results: Mean 25OHVitD levels (54.9 ± 26.2 nmol/L) were below the reference range and hypovitaminosis D (25OHVitD < 75 nmol/L) was found in 34 patients (81%) and daily calcium intakes (median 550 mg/day) were lower than recommended. A BMD below the expected range for age (Z-score of - 2.0 or lower) and at least one prevalent fragility fracture were found in 22 patients (52.4%) and 18 patients (45.2%), respectively. The coexistence of low BMD and the presence of fracture was observed in 13 patients (31.0%). In these patients, the prevalence of nephrolithiasis was higher than in the remaining ones (p = 0.046). The presence of kidney stones was associated with a worse bone status and with severe vitamin D deficiency. In the whole sample, femoral BMD Z-scores were directly correlated with albumin-adjusted calcium (p < 0.05) and 25OHVitD levels (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Despite the improvement of CF care, CFBD is still highly prevalent in young adults awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage CF. Suboptimal 25OHVitD levels could significantly contribute to the development of CFBD. The presence of nephrolithiasis could be an additional warning about the need for a careful evaluation of bone health in CF patients.

Keywords: Bone disease; Cystic fibrosis; Fracture; Lung transplantation; Nephrolithiasis; Osteoporosis.

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