Perforation of the colon in renal homograft recipients. A report of 11 cases and a review of the literature

Abstract

Colon perforation in renal transplant recipients is a potentially lethal condition that is amenable to appropriate medical and surgical treatment. The 11 cases seen at the Cleveland Clinic (incidence 1.1% of all renal transplant patients) and previous reports in the literature have been reviewed. The pathogenesis is related to a high incidence of diverticular disease in patients with polycystic kidneys and/or chronic renal failure, the effects of long-term immunosuppression, and the transplant procedure itself. The high mortality of this condition (61% overall) is related to the effects of immunosuppression on the response to sepsis and the surgical procedure used. Mortality has fallen from 88% (1970-1974) to 53% (1975-1979), and there are indications that it is continuing to fall. All four cases operated on here since 1980 have survived, giving a total operative mortality of 2/6, and all have maintained excellent allograft function. A high clinical index of suspicion, prompt exteriorization of the perforated colon, reduction of immunosuppression to minimal levels, and effective antibiotic coverage have all contributed to the declining mortality.