Strategies for Success: A Qualitative Study of Caregiver and Dentist Approaches to Improving Oral Care for Children with Autism

Abstract

Purpose: Oral health is important to physical and psychological health. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience significant oral care challenges, but little research exists that examines efficacious interventions to improve care. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore parental and dentist reports of successful strategies implemented during dental care with children with ASD. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with parents of children with ASD (N = two groups) and dentists treating children with ASD (N = two groups). Focus group transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Three key themes were identified from the parent focus groups: (1) what makes a good dentist; (2) flexibility and techniques-strategies used by the dentist; and (3) preparation-strategies for parents and caregivers of children with ASD. Four themes emerged from the dentist groups: (1) parents know best; (2) practice; (3) flexibility; and (4) a network of colleagues. Areas of overlap between the parents and dental providers included the importance of preparation, necessity of flexibility and creativity, and value of collaboration. Conclusions: Our findings provide insight into techniques perceived by parents and dental providers to facilitate successful dental encounters for children with ASD.