Behavioral economic demand assessments in the addictions
- PMID: 30807957
- PMCID: PMC6661217
- DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.016
Behavioral economic demand assessments in the addictions
Abstract
Behavioral economics in the addictions is the application of both economics and psychology to study multifaceted components of substance use decision-making behavior. One such component is demand: the relative value of a substance for a user (i.e., the association between drug use and cost). The degree to which a user values a substance can be measured via performance on hypothetical purchase tasks which replicate drug purchase and consumption. Demand has been evaluated across substances, including alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and alternative tobacco products. Recent advances in the study of demand have greatly improved the assessment of drug value, including application to novel products, selection of optimal task unit, assessment of demand in naïve or potential future users, and the importance of instructional set specificity.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of Interest
All authors declare that they have no personal or financial conflict of interest.
References
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Bickel WK, Johnson MW, Koffarnus MN, MacKillop J, Murphy JG, The behavioral economics of substance use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair, Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol 10 (2014) 641–677. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153724.
This review discusses the “reinforcer pathology” model, typified by problematic substance use which results from the joint effects of (a) the persistently high valuation of a reinforcer, and/or (b) the excessive preference for immediate acquisition of a commodity despite negative consequences. Reinforcer pathology results from the repeated interaction of personal individualized attributes with external environmental variables. In this review, Bickel and colleagues describe the components of behavioral economics that are focal to a reinforcer pathology conceptualization of addiction, the practices that beget reinforcer pathology, and how reinforcer pathologies may be repaired.
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- Jacobs EA, Bickel WK, Modeling drug consumption in the clinic using simulation procedures: demand for heroin and cigarettes in opioid-dependent outpatients, Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol 7 (1999) 412–426. - PubMed
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