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Review
. 2018 Nov 4;3(4):213-225.
doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.11.001. eCollection 2018 Dec.

Interplay of non-coding RNAs and approved antimetabolites such as gemcitabine and pemetrexed in mesothelioma

Bernhard Biersack  1
Affiliations
Review

Interplay of non-coding RNAs and approved antimetabolites such as gemcitabine and pemetrexed in mesothelioma

Bernhard Biersack. Noncoding RNA Res. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Gemcitabine and pemetrexed are clinically approved antimetabolites for the therapy of mesothelioma diseases. These drugs are often applied in combination with platinum complexes and other drugs. The activity of antimetabolites depended on the expression levels of certain non-coding RNAs, in particular, of small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The development of tumor resistance towards antimetabolites was regulated by non-coding RNAs. An overview of the interplay between gemcitabine/pemetrexed antimetabolites and non-coding RNAs in mesothelioma is provided. Further to this, various non-coding RNA-modulating agents are discussed which displayed positive effects on gemcitabine or pemetrexed treatment of mesothelioma diseases. A detailed knowledge of the connections of non-coding RNAs with antimetabolites will be constructive for the design of improved therapies in future.

Keywords: AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid; Anticancer drugs; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; DADS, diallyl sulfide; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DIM, 3,3‘-diindolylmethane; DMPM, diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma; EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Gemcitabine; HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA; I3C, indole-3-carbinol; Long non-coding RNA; MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma; Mesothelioma; MicroRNA; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; NaB, sodium butyrate; PDCD4, programmed cell death 4; PEG, polyethylene glycole; PEITC, phenethylisothiocyanate; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; Pemetrexed; RA, retinoic acid; SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; SFN, sulforaphane; TSA, trichostatin A.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Structures of gemcitabine and ara-C (cytarabine).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Structure of pemetrexed.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Gemcitabine, pemetrexed and non-coding RNAs in mesothelioma.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Non-coding RNA modulating drugs with relevance to gemcitabine or pemetrexed activity.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Possible activity boost of approved anticancer drugs by pemetrexed-mediated miRNA modulation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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