Is the caregivers' oral health related to dental caries in children or adolescents? A systematic review

Abstract

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate evidence on the relation between the caregivers' oral health condition and dental caries prevalence in their offspring.

Materials and methods: Scientific literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library databases, and Grey Literature. Observational studies were included if mentioning oral health conditions in caregivers and dental caries in offsprings. The internal validity of the selected articles was judged by two evaluators according to a previously published guideline based on eight questions (1 point each). Studies included were divided into low methodological quality (1-3 points), moderate (4-6 points), or high (7-8 points) according to the quality assessment. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence provided by the selected studies.

Results: Initially, 12.458 records were recovered, of which 54 full-text articles were evaluated. Hand search added 5 records, but after application of the exclusion criteria, only 16 articles which met the adopted eligibility criteria remained. Critical assessment scored one study as low, 10 moderate, and 5 with high validity. Most of the studies plotted correlations between the variables (12) while 4 studies compared DMFT (3) or ICDAS (1) scores between caries-active/caries-free children with caries experience in caregivers. Regarding the main study question, 15 studies (93.7%), containing 5704 caregivers and 5467 children/adolescents, found a significant relationship between mothers/caregivers and children's/adolescents' caries prevalence; one study found this relationship only for individuals showing active caries and one study did not disclose any relationship between caries prevalence in caregivers-children's/adolescents' pairs. The overall evidence was, however, qualified as low due to problems in the imprecision of the included studies.

Conclusions: Caregivers' oral health may be considered as an important risk marker in children's and adolescent's caries prevalence.

Clinical relevance: Assuming the contribution of caregivers' oral health conditions on dental caries in their offspring may help to establish control measures for such prevalent disease in the family environment.

Keywords: Adolescent; Caregivers; Child; Mother-child relations; Oral health; dental caries.