Report of Root Rot Caused by Pythium F-Group on Hydroponically Grown Celery in South Africa

Abstract

Celery (Apium graveolens) is commonly grown in hydroponic systems in South Africa. During the warm summer months, plants often become stunted or die, with mortality as high as 70% in some systems. Affected plants show severe root rot and yellowing of the foliage. Root segments excised from symptomatic celery plants collected from various hydroponic systems in Gauteng Province, South Africa, were rinsed in sterile distilled water and plated on PARP medium (2). Pythium was isolated consistently from both rotted and symptomless roots. Isolates produced only noninflated filamentous sporangia and no oospores, conforming to the description of Pythium F-group (1). Koch's postulates were confirmed by inoculating 4-week-old celery seedlings cultivated in aerated nutrient solution in a hydroculture system in the greenhouse. A zoospore suspension (10⁵ zoospores per ml) of Pythium F-group cultured on V8 juice agar was added to the nutrient solution at the rate of 3 ml/1iter. Control plants received no inoculum, and the experiment was repeated once. Plants were assessed after 4 weeks. All inoculated plants showed symptoms of root rot, stunting, and yellowing, whereas control plants remained healthy. Pythium F-group was recovered on PARP medium only from the roots of inoculated plants. Pythium F-group has been described as a pathogen of celery elsewhere, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of root rot caused by the fungus on celery in South Africa. References: (1) M. W. Dick. Keys to Pythium. University of Reading Press, Reading, UK, 1990. (2) S. N. Jeffers and S. B. Martin. Plant Dis. 70:1038, 1986.