Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Mar 9:3:13-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.idm.2018.03.003. eCollection 2018.

Adult female syphilis prevalence, congenital syphilis case incidence and adverse birth outcomes, Mongolia 2000-2016: Estimates using the Spectrum STI tool

Erdenetungalag Enkhbat  1 , Eline L Korenromp  2 , Jugderjav Badrakh  1 , Setsen Zayasaikhan  1 , Purevsuren Baya  1 , Enkhjargal Orgiokhuu  1 , Narantuya Jadambaa  3 , Sergelen Munkhbaatar  4 , Delgermaa Khishigjargal  5 , Narantuya Khad  5 , Guy Mahiané  6 , Naoko Ishikawa  7 , Davaalkham Jagdagsuren  1 , Melanie M Taylor  8   9
Affiliations

Adult female syphilis prevalence, congenital syphilis case incidence and adverse birth outcomes, Mongolia 2000-2016: Estimates using the Spectrum STI tool

Erdenetungalag Enkhbat et al. Infect Dis Model. .

Abstract

Introduction: Mongolia's health ministry prioritizes control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, including syphilis screening and treatment in antenatal care (ANC).

Methods: Adult syphilis prevalence trends were fitted using the Spectrum-STI estimation tool, using data from ANC surveys and routine screening over 1997-2016. Estimates were combined with programmatic data to estimate numbers of treated and untreated pregnant women with syphilis and associated incidence congenital syphilis (CS) and CS-attributable adverse birth outcomes (ABO), which we compared with CS case reports.

Results: Syphilis prevalence in pregnant women was estimated at 1.7% in 2000 and 3.0% in 2016. We estimated 652 CS cases, of which 410 ABO, in 2016. Far larger, annually increasing numbers of CS cases and ABO were estimated to have been prevented: 1654 cases, of which 789 ABO in 2016 - thanks to increasing coverages of ANC (99% in 2016), ANC-based screening (97% in 2016) and treatment of women diagnosed (81% in 2016). The 42 CS cases reported nationally over 2016 (liveborn infants only) represented 27% of liveborn infants with clinical CS, but only 7% of estimated CS cases among women found syphilis-infected in ANC, and 6% of all estimated CS cases including those born to women with undiagnosed syphilis.

Discussion/conclusion: Mongolia's ANC-based syphilis screening program is reducing CS, but maternal prevalence remains high. To eliminate CS (target: <50 cases per 100,000 live births), Mongolia should strengthen ANC services, limiting losses during referral for treatment, and under-diagnosis of CS including still-births and neonatal deaths, and expand syphilis screening and prevention programs.

Keywords: ABO, Adverse Birth Outcome; ANC, antenatal care; ANC-1, attendance of antenatal care at least once during a pregnancy; Antenatal care; CI, confidence interval; CS, Congenital Syphilis; Congenital syphilis; Epidemiological modelling; F, women; N, sample size tested; NCCD, Mongolia National Center for Communicable Diseases; RPR, Rapid Plasma Reagin test; STI, sexually transmitted infection; Screening; Surveillance; Syphilis; TP, Treponema pallidum; WHO, World Health Organization.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Syphilis prevalence in pregnant women in Mongolia: Spectrum estimation, and underlying ANC data. Notes to Fig. 1: The Antenatal Care (ANC) clinic-based sentinel survey in 2004, for which a 3.1% prevalence was reported, is shown in this Figure (as in Supplemental file 1, for context) but it was not included in the statistical trend fitting, since the absolute numbers underlying the reported prevalence were not retrievable.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Adverse birth outcomes due to Congenital Syphilis, Mongolia: Spectrum estimation, by type of birth outcome.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Spectrum estimates for Mongolia: (a) Adverse birth outcomes due to Congenital Syphilis, and (b) Congenital syphilis cases, prevented and not prevented by ANC-based screening and treatment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Avenir Health . 2017. Spectrum health program planning tools, freely downloadable software. Glastonbury (Connecticut)http://spectrumbeta.futuresinstitute.org/http://avenirhealth.org/software-spectrum.php Available from:
    1. Azyei I., Aumakhan B., Jantsansengee B., Munkhbaatar S., Gombo E., Puntsag U. Evolving understanding of the epidemiology of HIV and prevention needs among men who have sex with men in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. AIDS and Behavior. 2014 Oct;18(10):2009–2019. - PubMed
    1. Badrakh J., Zayasaikhan S., Davaalkham J., Erdenetungalag E., Jadambaa N., Munkhbaatar S. Trends in adult chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence, incidence and urethral discharge case reporting in Mongolia over 1995-2016 – estimates using the Spectrum-STI model. Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2017 Nov;8(4) - PMC - PubMed
    1. Baigalmaa J., Erdenechimeg C., Narantuya J., Bulbul A., Tugsjargal J., Dolgion E. Increasing syphilis notifications in Mongolia: Results from national surveillance for 2001-2011. Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2012 Oct;3(4):86–93. WPSAR.2012.3.4-086 [pii] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Blencowe H., Cousens S., Kamb M., Berman S., Lawn J.E. Lives Saved Tool supplement detection and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy to reduce syphilis related stillbirths and neonatal mortality. BMC Public Health. 2011 Apr 13;11(Suppl. 3):S9. 1471-2458-11-S3-S9 [pii] - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources