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Review
. 2019 Feb 15:21:e00316.
doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00316. eCollection 2019 Mar.

Commercial application of cellulose nano-composites - A review

Amita Sharma  1   2 , Manisha Thakur  1 , Munna Bhattacharya  1 , Tamal Mandal  2 , Saswata Goswami  1
Affiliations
Review

Commercial application of cellulose nano-composites - A review

Amita Sharma et al. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). .

Erratum in

Abstract

Cellulose is the biosynthetic product from plants, animals and bacteria. Cellulose is the most abundant polymer having long linear chain like structure composed of (1,4) linked β-D glucopyranosyl units assembled into hierarchical structures of microfibrils with excellent strength and stiffness. And 'nanocellulose' refers to the cellulosic materials with defined nano-scale structural dimensions. They may be cellulose nanocrystal (CNC or NCC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF) or bacterial nanocellulose. Nanocellulose is non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible with no adverse effects on health and environment. Due to its low thermal expansion coefficient, high aspect ratio, better tensile strength, good mechanical and optical properties, they find many applications in thermo-reversible and tenable hydrogels, paper making, coating additives, food packaging, flexible screens, optically transparent films and light weight materials for ballistic protection, automobile windows. It also find potential in biopharmaceutical applications such as in drug delivery and for fabricating temporary implants with PHB like sutures, stents etc.

Keywords: Cellulose nano-crystal (CNC); Cellulose nano-fiber (CNF); Commercial applications; Nanocellulose; Nanocomposites.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Structure of plant cell wall in lignocellulosic biomass which is consisted of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose (Adapted from Ref. [1]).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic representatio.n of extraction of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass (Redrawn from Ref. [1]).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Different approaches for functionalization of CNF (Adapted from Ref. [95]).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Different methods for cellulose fiber-reinforced biocomposite processing.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Schematic representation of LbL assembly and one-pot directed assembly approach for nanocomposite processing.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Schematic representation of fiber-spinning and freeze drying approach for nanocomposite processing.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Schematic representation of different micropatterning techniques for nanocomposite processing.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Potential applications of nanocellulose in various fields.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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