Adult hypothyroidism. 2. Causes, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment

Abstract

Hypothyroidism may be self-limiting or may progress to thyroid failure, depending on the cause. Thus, diagnosis of the underlying disorder is extremely important. Once the diagnosis is established, the origin and cause of hypothyroidism must be identified. A careful history and physical examination, routine laboratory tests, and demonstration of antithyroid antibodies will ordinarily lead to the correct diagnosis. Self-limited disorders require little or no therapy. Progressive disease is treated with a thyroid hormone preparation. Myxedema coma is an endocrine emergency that requires prompt treatment of both the metabolic complications and any intercurrent illness.