Afterword

Abstract

Despite significant improvements over the last several decades in multimodality treatment for cancer, the physical removal of solid tumors via surgery continues to be the primary method of curative intent treatment. Currently, neoadjuvant treatments using modern chemotherapy and novel radiation protocols are used to reduce tumor size or diminish the risk of systemic relapse before removal of the bulk tumor. Aiming for cure, these improvements in the management of solid cancers remain dependent on the ability to remove tumors. It should always be kept in mind that progress in health care is not about "novelty" or "innovation" itself but about improvement in care or lower costs.

Keywords: Cancer; Esophagectomy; Hepatectomy; Laparoscopy; Simulation-based training; Tumor.