Perinatal Outcomes of Incarcerated Pregnant Women: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Incarcerated pregnant women experience psychosocial conditions that put them at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. To examine perinatal outcomes including maternal mental health well-being, birth weight, and preterm birth, an integrated search of the literature was conducted. Findings indicate that time in prison, especially during the first trimester, results in improved birth weight and longer gestation. Findings related to maternal mental health well-being were inconclusive but suggest significant risk to maternal role development when mother and infant are separated. Limited findings demonstrate that prenatal care, a safe environment, and food stability, along with reduced or eliminated substance abuse and violence, can positively influence perinatal outcomes. Rigorous, systematic research is vital for developing policies related to incarcerated women and perinatal outcomes.

Keywords: incarcerated women; perinatal outcomes; pregnancy; prenatal health.