Review

. 2019 Mar 11;18(1):39.

doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-0995-1.

Effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niche formation in tumors

Yaxin Guo^{1

2

3}, Xiang Ji⁴, Jinbo Liu⁴, Dandan Fan¹, Quanbo Zhou⁴, Chen Chen^{4

2}, Weiwei Wang⁵, Guixian Wang⁴, Haijiang Wang⁶, Weitang Yuan⁷, Zhenyu Ji^{8

9

10}, Zhenqiang Sun^{11

12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
² Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
³ School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
⁴ Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
⁵ Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
⁶ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
⁷ Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. yuanweitang@zzu.edu.cn.
⁸ Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. jizhenyu@zzu.edu.cn.
⁹ Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. jizhenyu@zzu.edu.cn.
¹⁰ School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. jizhenyu@zzu.edu.cn.
¹¹ Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. zqsun82@csu.edu.cn.
¹² Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. zqsun82@csu.edu.cn.
¹³ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China. zqsun82@csu.edu.cn.

PMID: 30857545
PMCID: PMC6413442
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0995-1

Review

Effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niche formation in tumors

Yaxin Guo et al. Mol Cancer. 2019.

. 2019 Mar 11;18(1):39.

doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-0995-1.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
² Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
³ School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
⁴ Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
⁵ Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
⁶ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
⁷ Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. yuanweitang@zzu.edu.cn.
⁸ Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. jizhenyu@zzu.edu.cn.
⁹ Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. jizhenyu@zzu.edu.cn.
¹⁰ School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. jizhenyu@zzu.edu.cn.
¹¹ Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. zqsun82@csu.edu.cn.
¹² Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. zqsun82@csu.edu.cn.
¹³ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China. zqsun82@csu.edu.cn.

PMID: 30857545
PMCID: PMC6413442
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0995-1

Abstract

A pre-metastatic niche is a microenvironment prepared for the colonization of circulating tumor cells in specific organs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a variety of biological functions. Exosomes play an irreplaceable role in the development of pre-metastatic niches, and mainly function as communication medium. In this review, we analyzed the effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niches from various perspectives, including inflammation, immune response, angiogenesis, organotropism, matrix remodeling and biomarker expression. In particular, exosomes express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cause the immune escape of tumor cells. The immunomodulatory effects of exosomes and their potential in liquid diagnosis have drawn our attention. The potential value of exosomes and pre-metastatic niches will be realized in the field of immunity therapy.

Keywords: Biomarker; Exosomes; Immunoregulation; Pre-metastatic niche; Tumor microenvironment.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Exosome PD-L1 has a similar function to tumor PD-L1. Exosome PD-L1 can also bind to PD-1 on T cells, induce T cell apoptosis, and inhibit T cell activation and proliferation

**Fig. 2**
Different cells uptake tropic exosomes. Lung-tropic 4175 exosomes mainly colocalized with S100A4-positive fibroblasts in the lung; pancreatic cancer exosomes derived from BxPC-3-LiT cells mainly fused with Kupffer cells

**Fig. 3**
Effects of exosomes on tumor pre-metastatic niche formation. Exosomes promote the upregulation of inflammatory molecules; exosomes induce immune suppression; exosome increase angiogenesis and vascular permeability; exosome determine organotropism metastasis; Exosome promote matrix remodeling

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niche formation in tumors

Affiliations

Effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niche formation in tumors

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Consent for publication

Competing interests

Publisher’s Note

Figures

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Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Research Materials