Changes in spirits purchasing behaviours after privatisation of government-controlled sales in Washington, USA

Abstract

Introduction and aims: The privatisation of the Washington Liquor Monopoly in 2012 offered a unique opportunity to study spirits purchasing behaviour changes from a government to licensed system.

Design and methods: Four representative cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18 and older in Washington state were recruited between January 2014 and October 2015 (Wave 1, N = 1202; W2, N = 804; W3, N = 823; W4, N = 662). Analyses compared spirits purchasing behaviours before privatisation from retrospective reports to current reports in the areas of travel distance, spirits quality, purchase frequency and size of bottle. Respondents also directly reported on changes in convenience, selection and prices.

Results: No significant changes were found in these aspects of purchasing. However, subgroup analyses found that younger drinkers 18-29 reduced travel distance and increased purchase frequency while drinkers aged 50 and older travelled further. Reduced travel distances were associated with grocery and drug stores while increased travel distances were associated with liquor superstores, wholesale stores and government stores in bordering states. Respondents reported that liquor purchasing was more convenient after privatisation but that the selection of spirits was better and prices were lower in the government-controlled stores.

Discussion and conclusions: The government monopoly stores were viewed as offering a wider selection of products and as having lower prices than those in the privatised system. The variety of store types in the licensed system allowed drinkers to select stores based on convenience, selection or prices, so that travel times increased for some buyers, presumably those seeking lower prices or a wider selection.

Keywords: availability; price; privatisation; purchasing; spirits.