Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2019 Sep;71(9):1396-1399.
doi: 10.1002/art.40879. Epub 2019 Aug 1.

New Relationships for Old Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Miriam A Shelef  1
Affiliations
Editorial

New Relationships for Old Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Miriam A Shelef. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Sep.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Two models for interactions between the shared epitope, smoking, ACPAs, and RF.
A. In the convergent pathways model, one of two converging pathways consists of antigen presenting cells (APCs) presenting citrullinated peptides (green) on shared epitope (SE)-containing MHC class II molecules to activate T cells. Those T cells then provide help to citrulline-reactive B cells to generate anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) of the IgG isotype. In the second of two converging pathways, smoking drives IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) producing B cells. These pathways converge with RF+ B cells binding ACPA immune complexes to present citrullinated antigen via MHC to activate more citrulline-reactive T cells. Those T cells activate more citrulline reactive B cells leading to more ACPAs. Additionally, activated citrulline-reactive T cells can provide help to IgM-RF producing B cells that bind ACPA immune complexes to generate IgG-RF. B. In the common antigen model, citrullinated IgG (green) is bound by IgM-RF producing B cells, which then present citrullinated IgG peptides via shared epitope containing MHC class II to citrulline-reactive T cells. Those T cells then provide help to citrullinated IgG-binding B cells leading to IgG that targets citrullinated IgG and could be called both an ACPA and a RF.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

    1. Shi J, Knevel R, Suwannalai P, van der Linden MP, Janssen GM, van Veelen PA, et al. Autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins are present in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and predict joint damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(42):17372–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Thiele GM, Duryee MJ, Anderson DR, Klassen LW, Mohring SM, Young KA, et al. Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts and anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(3):645–55. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Juarez M, Bang H, Hammar F, Reimer U, Dyke B, Sahbudin I, et al. Identification of novel antiacetylated vimentin antibodies in patients with early inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(6):1099–107. - PMC - PubMed
    1. van Wesemael TJ, Ajeganova S, Humphreys J, Terao C, Muhammad A, Symmons DP, et al. Smoking is associated with the concurrent presence of multiple autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis rather than with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies per se: a multicenter cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18(1):285. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Huizinga TW, Amos CI, van der Helm-van Mil AH, Chen W, van Gaalen FA, Jawaheer D, et al. Refining the complex rheumatoid arthritis phenotype based on specificity of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope for antibodies to citrullinated proteins. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(11):3433–8. - PubMed