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Review
. 2019 Mar 11;19(5):1231.
doi: 10.3390/s19051231.

Bond-Slip Monitoring of Concrete Structures Using Smart Sensors-A Review

Linsheng Huo  1 , Hao Cheng  2 , Qingzhao Kong  3 , Xuemin Chen  4
Affiliations
Review

Bond-Slip Monitoring of Concrete Structures Using Smart Sensors-A Review

Linsheng Huo et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Concrete structures with various reinforcements, such as steel bars, composite material tendons, and recently steel plates, are commonly used in civil infrastructures. When an external force overcomes the strength of the bond between the reinforcement and the concrete, bond-slip will occur, resulting in a relative displacement between the reinforcing materials and the concrete. Monitoring bond health plays an important role in guaranteeing structural safety. Recently, researchers have recognized the importance of bond-slip monitoring and performed many related investigations. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review on various smart sensors based on piezoelectric effect and fiber optic technology, as well as corresponding techniques for bond-slip monitoring is presented. Since piezoelectric sensors and fiber-optic sensors are widely used in bond-slip monitoring, their principles and relevant monitoring methods are also introduced in this paper. Particularly, the piezoelectric-based bond-slip monitoring methods including the active sensing method, the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method and the passive sensing using acoustic emission (AE) method, and the fiber-optic-based bond-slip detecting approaches including the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and the distributed fiber optic sensing are highlighted. This paper provides guidance for practical applications and future development of bond-slip monitoring.

Keywords: bond-slip monitoring; concrete structure; fiber-optic-sensor based approaches; piezoelectric-based methods; smart sensors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bond-slip in concrete structures. (a) Reinforced concrete structure; (b) steel plate concrete structure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The general stages of bond-slip between concrete and reinforced bars [16].
Figure 3
Figure 3
A lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patch with different mode. (a) Compression mode. (b) Shear mode.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Exploded view of a smart aggregate.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The photos of smart aggregates. (a) Compression mode smart aggregate (CMSA). (b) Shear mode smart aggregate (SMSA).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Physical principle of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors [120].
Figure 7
Figure 7
The principle of guided stress wave based active sensing approach [130].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Sensor arrangement on the specimen in the experiment [131].
Figure 9
Figure 9
The principle of concrete-encased composite structure bond-slip monitoring using shear wave based active sensing approach [132].
Figure 10
Figure 10
The energy and strain curves of the experiments [133]. (a): Experiment 1; (b): Experiment 2.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Bar slip classification chart of corroded reinforced concrete [139].
Figure 12
Figure 12
The relationship between signal strength of acoustic emission (AE) and bond stress [146]. (a): basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bar; (b): glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar; (c): steel bar.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Cracks localization using AE signals [147].
Figure 14
Figure 14
The SG2 readings near girder failure [5].
Figure 15
Figure 15
The double shear tests in literature [153]. FRP: fiber reinforced polymer.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Optic power loss versus slip in double shear tests [153]. (a): Set1-s3; (b): Set2-s3.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Optic power loss versus slip in double shear tests [153]. (a): Set1-s3; (b): Set2-s3.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Variation of optic power loss during the loading process in a 3-point bending test of a beam [153].
Figure 18
Figure 18
Bar-concrete slip [154]. BOTDA: Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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