Seth Waldman, MD, Louis A. Shapiro, FACHE, William Schairer, MD, E. Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, MD, PhD, Ellen M. Soffin, MD, PhD, Christopher Lee Wu, MD, Jonathan Avery, MD, and Travis N. Rieder, PhD, declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Charles N. Cornell, MD, reports receiving personal fees as a consultant from Exactech, Inc., outside the submitted work. Todd J. Albert, MD, reports receiving royalties from Zimmer Biomet, DePuy Synthes, JP Medical Publishers, Saunders/Mosby-Elsevier, and Thieme; owning stock in Gentis, Vital 5, Bonovo Orthopedics Inc., Biomerix, InVivo Therapeutics, Spinicity, Crosstrees Medical, Paradigm Spine LLC, Invuity, ASIP, PMIG, Pioneer, and Vertech; receiving personal fees from Nuvasive, Gentis, United Health Care, and Facet Link and non-financial support from Scoliosis Research Society; and receiving salary from Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College and grants from Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, ISSG, Alan L. and Jacqueline B. Stuart Spine Research Center, all outside the submitted work. Mark Barnes, JD, LLM, is a partner in Ropes and Gray LLP, an international law firm that represents multiple entities in the health care sector, including medical centers and medical schools whose staff and faculty prescribe opioids, as well as pharmaceutical companies that manufacture opioids; the firm represents Mallinckrodt in civil litigation regarding such drugs, although Mr. Barnes has not been a member of the litigation teams that have worked on these issues. He counsels academic medical center and medical school clients about the prescription of opioids consistent with state and federal law. He is co-founder and unpaid faculty co-chair of the Multi-Regional Clinical Trials Center of Harvard University and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, which is a center for improving ethics and practices in multi-regional clinical trials and is funded by grants from pharmaceutical companies (including Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Amgen, Sanofi, Biogen), contract research organizations, independent institutional review boards, and the Gates Foundation. He teaches health law and public health law at Yale Law School and has co-taught at Yale a seminar on the legal issues in the opioid crisis. Alex Rich, MPH, reports receiving a training grant from the National Library of Medicine, money won from the National Institute on Drug Abuse Substance Use Disorder Startup Challenge Prize, and other money won from Department of Health and Human Services Data for Opioids Code-a-thon prize, as well as being a founding partner at F3 Healthcare LLC, a health data consultancy that performs advanced analytical work in healthcare operations and strategy and that does not work in opioid misuse reduction but may in the future, outside the submitted work.N/AN/ADisclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the online version of this article.