Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Feb 27;34(9):e67.
doi: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e67. eCollection 2019 Mar 11.

Validation of the Korean-Everyday Cognition (K-ECog)

Minji Song  1   2 , Sun Hwa Lee  3 , Seungmin Jahng  4 , Seong Yoon Kim  5 , Yeonwook Kang  1   6
Affiliations

Validation of the Korean-Everyday Cognition (K-ECog)

Minji Song et al. J Korean Med Sci. .

Abstract

Background: In the early diagnosis of dementia, an important factor is the evaluation of activities of daily living. The Everyday Cognition (ECog) scale was developed to measure functional changes that are the everyday correlates of specific neuropsychological impairments. This study aimed to examine the validity of the Korean version of Everyday Cognition (K-ECog).

Methods: The participants were 268 cognitively normal older adults (NA), 151 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 77 dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). The Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), and Short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS) were administered to all the participants. The K-ECog and Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL) were rated by their informants.

Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) of K-ECog global function was 0.93, and its test-retest reliability (Pearson's r) was 0.73. K-ECog was significantly correlated with K-IADL (0.66), K-MMSE (-0.38), and K-MoCA (-0.26). Confirmatory factor analysis of K-ECog yielded seven factor model that the original ECog proposed. K-ECog global score and six domain scores were significantly different across the NA, aMCI, and DAT groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that K-ECog effectively differentiated aMCI and DAT patients from NA, suggesting that K-ECog is as sensitive for detecting functional impairments as K-IADL. The proposed optimal cut-off score to differentiate aMCI from NA was 1.41.

Conclusion: K-ECog is proven reliable and valid for clinical use. K-ECog can be used to distinguish very early stages of impaired ADL and cognitive impairment in the community.

Keywords: Activities of Daily Living; Dementia; Everyday Cognition; Mild Cognitive Impairment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. ROC curves for the K-ECog and the K-IADL, K-MMSE, and K-MoCA in the comparison between NA and aMCI.
ROC = receiver operating characteristic, AUC = areas under the curve, K-ECog = Korean version Everyday Cognition, K-IADL = Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, K-MMSE = Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, K-MoCA = Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NA = normal older adults, aMCI = amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. ROC curves for the K-ECog and the K-IADL, K-MMSE, and K-MoCA in comparison between NA and DAT.
ROC = receiver operating characteristic, AUC = areas under the curve, K-ECog = Korean version Everyday Cognition, K-IADL = Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, K-MMSE = Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, K-MoCA = Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NA = normal older adults, DAT = dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. ROC curves for the K-ECog and the K-IADL, K-MMSE, and K-MoCA in comparison between individuals with cognitively NA and cognitive impairment (aMCI + DAT).
ROC = receiver operating characteristic, AUC = areas under the curve, K-ECog = Korean version Everyday Cognition, K-IADL = Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, K-MMSE = Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, K-MoCA = Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NA = normal older adults, aMCI = amnestic mild cognitive impairment, DAT = dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol. 1999;56(3):303–308. - PubMed
    1. Farias ST, Mungas D, Reed BR, Harvey D, Cahn-Weiner D, Decarli C. MCI is associated with deficits in everyday functioning. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2006;20(4):217–223. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270–279. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rockwood K. The measuring, meaning and importance of activities of daily living (ADLs) as an outcome. Int Psychogeriatr. 2007;19(3):467–482. - PubMed
    1. Tomaszewski Farias S, Cahn-Weiner DA, Harvey DJ, Reed BR, Mungas D, Kramer JH, et al. Longitudinal changes in memory and executive functioning are associated with longitudinal change in instrumental activities of daily living in older adults. Clin Neuropsychol. 2009;23(3):446–461. - PMC - PubMed