Application of Genetic Engineering for Control of Bacterial Wilt Disease of Enset, Ethiopia's Sustainability Crop

Abstract

Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is one of the Ethiopia's indigenous sustainability crops supporting the livelihoods of about 20 million people, mainly in the densely populated South and Southwestern parts of the country. Enset serves as a food security crop for humans, animal feed, and source of fiber for the producers. The production of enset has been constrained by plant pests, diseases, and abiotic factors. Among these constraints, bacterial wilt disease has been the most important limiting factor for enset production since its outbreak five decades ago. There is no known bacterial wilt disease resistant genetic material in the enset genetic pool to transfer this trait to susceptible enset varieties through conventional breeding. Moreover, the absence of effective chemicals against the disease has left farmers without means to combat bacterial wilt for decades. Genetic engineering has been the alternative approach to develop disease resistant plant materials in other crops where traditional breeding tools are ineffective. This review discusses enset cultivation and recent developments addressing the control of bacterial wilt disease in enset and related crops like banana to help design effective strategies.

Keywords: Ensete ventricosum; Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum; bacterial wilt disease; disease control; genetic engineering.

Figure 1

Enset plantation showing symptoms of bacterial wilt disease. (A) Healthy plant; (B) enset plant showing symptoms of bacterial wilt disease; (C) cross-sectional cut of infected leaf released yellowish ooze; and (D) pockets of bacteria ooze appeared in an opened leaf sheath (arrow).

Figure 2

Enset cultivation in farmer’s field. (A) Healthy enset plantation during rainy season; (B) bacterial wilt disease infected enset plantation in dry season with poor field management. Both pictures taken from enset fields in Central Ethiopia.