Exercise Reveals Proline Dehydrogenase as a Potential Target in Heart Failure

Abstract

The benefits of physical activity in cardiovascular diseases have long been appreciated. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and sustain the cardiac benefits of exercise are poorly understood, and it is anticipated that unveiling these mechanisms will identify novel therapeutic targets. In search of these mechanisms we took advantage of unbiased RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology to discover cardiac gene targets whose expression is disrupted in heart failure (HF) and rescued by exercise in a rat model. Upon exhaustive validation in a separate rat cohort (qPCR) and human datasets, we shortlisted 16 targets for a cell-based screening, aiming to evaluate whether targeted disruption of these genes with silencing RNA would affect the abundance of a CVD biomarker (BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide) in human cardiomyocytes. Overall, these experiments showed that Proline Dehydrogenase (PRODH) expression is reduced in human failing hearts, rescued by exercise in a rat model of HF, and its targeted knockdown increases BNP expression in human cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, overexpression of PRODH increases the abundance of metabolism-related gene transcripts, and PRODH appears to be crucial to sustain normal mitochondrial function and maintenance of ATP levels in human cardiomyocytes in a hypoxic environment, as well as for redox homeostasis in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Altogether our findings show that PRODH is a novel molecular target of exercise in failing hearts and highlight its role in cardiomyocyte physiology, thereby proposing PRODH as a potential experimental target for gene therapy in HF.

Keywords: Exercise; Heart failure; Hypoxia; Mitochondria; Physical activity.