Assessing wellness in the well-child check: What about social and emotional development?
- PMID: 30867191
- PMCID: PMC6515966
Assessing wellness in the well-child check: What about social and emotional development?
Erratum in
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Correction.Can Fam Physician. 2019 Jun;65(6):388. Can Fam Physician. 2019. PMID: 31189624 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether Canadian children aged 4 to 6 received well-child checks; to explore the nature of these checkups in a large family practice; and to examine the merit of using parent questionnaires about child resilience as a means of introducing a discussion about social and emotional development into this checkup.
Design: Three-part mixed-methods study, using data derived from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN), chart reviews of a family practice, and semistructured interviews with parents.
Setting: Primary care practices associated with CPCSSN, and a large primary care practice in Kingston, Ont.
Participants: Patients who were born between 2008 and 2011, and a sample of parents whose children were between the ages of 6 and 9.
Methods: International Classification of Diseases, version 9, codes from CPCSSN records were used to identify the prevalence of well-child checks in the 4-to-6 age group. Then 110 randomly selected charts from a large family practice were audited for inclusion of behavioural and social assessments of those aged 4 to 6. Finally, randomly selected parents from the same practice were invited to pilot-test the PERIK (Positive development and resilience in kindergarten) resilience questionnaire, interviewed about its merit, and asked to recall whether the identified areas of child development had been included in previous well-child checkups.
Main findings: Data from CPCSSN indicated that 11% of Canadian children aged 4 to 6 had had an explicit well-child check by their family physician. Among the reviewed charts from the one practice, social context was documented for 45% of them, but social and behavioural development was usually not recorded. The 42 parents interviewed found the PERIK questionnaire useful, but not perfect, for opening discussions about aspects of child development that they had not realized were central to the child's future health.
Conclusion: This study offers an initial approach to exploring resilience in children and therefore addressing recognized and alterable predictors of adult well-being. Early social and emotional development predicts resilience that, in turn, foreshadows future health. The PERIK questionnaire facilitated discussions that could add tremendous value to the well-child checks of children aged 4 to 6.
Objectif: Vérifier si les enfants canadiens bénéficient de l’examen périodique pour enfants en santé; établir la nature de cet examen tel qu’effectué dans une importante clinique de santé familiale; et déterminer s’il serait avantageux d’ajouter un questionnaire à l’intention des parents à propos de la résilience de l’enfant comme moyen d’engager une discussion sur le développement social et émotionnel.
Type d’étude: Une étude à méthodologie mixte comprenant 3 volets et utilisant les données provenant du Réseau canadien de surveillance sentinelle (RCSSSP), des révisions de dossiers d’une clinique de santé familiale et des entrevues semi-structurées avec les parents.
Contexte: Une clinique de santé primaire faisant partie du RCSSSP et un important échantillon de parents ayant des enfants de 6 à 9 ans.
Méthodes: On s’est servi de la version 9 de la Classification internationale des maladies et des codes d’enregistrement du RCSSSP pour déterminer la prévalence des examens périodiques pour enfants en santé de 4 à 6 ans. On a ensuite choisi au hasard 100 dossiers d’une importante clinique de santé familiale pour vérifier s’ils comportaient des évaluations sociales et comportementales pour ce groupe d’âge. Finalement, des parents de la même clinique, choisis au hasard, ont été invités à participer à une évaluation pilote du questionnaire PERIK (Positive development and resilience in kindergarten) et questionnés sur son avantage éventuel; on leur a demandé s’ils se souvenaient si les examens précédents avaient abordé les sujets portant sur le développement de l’enfant.
Principales observations: Selon les données du RCSSSP, 11 % des enfants canadiens de 4 à 6 ans avaient eu un examen pour enfants en santé de la part du médecin de famille. Le contexte social était mentionné dans 45 % des dossiers de la clinique, mais le développement social et comportemental n’y était généralement pas mentionné. Les 42 parents interviewés ont trouvé le questionnaire utile, quoique imparfait, pour susciter des discussions sur des aspects du développement des enfants dont ils ignoraient l’importance pour la santé future de l’enfant.
Conclusion: Cet article suggère une nouvelle façon d’évaluer la résilience chez les enfants et ainsi de déterminer les prédicteurs connus et modifiables du bien-être de l’adulte. Un développement social et émotionnel précoce favorise la résilience, ce qui, en retour, est garant d’un avenir en santé. Le questionnaire PERIK a facilité la discussion, et il pourrait augmenter de façon extraordinaire la valeur des examens pour enfants en santé de 4 à 6 ans.
Copyright© the College of Family Physicians of Canada.
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