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. 2019 Mar 13;7(Suppl 1):S85-S103.
doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00272. Print 2019 Mar 11.

Addressing the Third Delay in Saving Mothers, Giving Life Districts in Uganda and Zambia: Ensuring Adequate and Appropriate Facility-Based Maternal and Perinatal Health Care

Diane Morof  1   2 , Florina Serbanescu  3 , Mary M Goodwin  3 , Davidson H Hamer  4   5 , Alice R Asiimwe  6 , Leoda Hamomba  7 , Masuka Musumali  8 , Susanna Binzen  3 , Adeodata Kekitiinwa  6 , Brenda Picho  9 , Frank Kaharuza  10 , Phoebe Monalisa Namukanja  11 , Dan Murokora  6 , Vincent Kamara  6 , Michelle Dynes  3   2 , Curtis Blanton  3 , Agnes Nalutaaya  9 , Fredrick Luwaga  6 , Michelle M Schmitz  3 , Jonathan LaBrecque  12 , Claudia Morrissey Conlon  13 , Brian McCarthy  14 , Charlan Kroelinger  3 , Thomas Clark  3
Affiliations

Addressing the Third Delay in Saving Mothers, Giving Life Districts in Uganda and Zambia: Ensuring Adequate and Appropriate Facility-Based Maternal and Perinatal Health Care

Diane Morof et al. Glob Health Sci Pract. .

Abstract

Background: Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) is a 5-year initiative implemented in participating districts in Uganda and Zambia that aimed to reduce deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth by targeting the 3 delays to receiving appropriate care: seeking, reaching, and receiving. Approaches to addressing the third delay included adequate health facility infrastructure, specifically sufficient equipment and medications; trained providers to provide quality evidence-based care; support for referrals to higher-level care; and effective maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response.

Methods: SMGL used a mixed-methods approach to describe intervention strategies, outcomes, and health impacts. Programmatic and monitoring and evaluation data-health facility assessments, facility and community surveillance, and population-based mortality studies-were used to document the effectiveness of intervention components.

Results: During the SMGL initiative, the proportion of facilities providing emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) increased from 10% to 25% in Uganda and from 6% to 12% in Zambia. Correspondingly, the delivery rate occurring in EmONC facilities increased from 28.2% to 41.0% in Uganda and from 26.0% to 29.1% in Zambia. Nearly all facilities had at least one trained provider on staff by the endline evaluation. Staffing increases allowed a higher proportion of health centers to provide care 24 hours a day/7 days a week by endline-from 74.6% to 82.9% in Uganda and from 64.8% to 95.5% in Zambia. During this period, referral communication improved from 93.3% to 99.0% in Uganda and from 44.6% to 100% in Zambia, and data systems to identify and analyze causes of maternal and perinatal deaths were established and strengthened.

Conclusion: SMGL's approach was associated with improvements in facility infrastructure, equipment, medication, access to skilled staff, and referral mechanisms and led to declines in facility maternal and perinatal mortality rates. Further work is needed to sustain these gains and to eliminate preventable maternal and perinatal deaths.

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Figures

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Context of Quality of Health Services for the Third Delay
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