Surgical Algorithm for Alveolar Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry

Abstract

Replacement of failing and ailing natural teeth with dental implants has become a mainstream treatment option since the discovery of osseointegration by P.-I. Brånemark in the 1960s. The techniques and the variety of methods for alveolar bone reconstruction have evolved to address a restoratively driven approach in implant dentistry. Modern 3D cone-bean computed tomography has helped with the diagnosis and treatment of bone deficiencies to idealize implant positioning. This article focuses on bone augmentation techniques, classified into horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation, and discusses block grafting, guided bone regeneration particulate grafting, distraction osteogenesis, and ridge-split expansion procedures.

Keywords: Block graft; Bone augmentation; Cone-beam computed tomography; Dental implantation; Distraction osteogenesis; Guided bone regeneration; Ridge-split; Surgical algorithm.