The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO₂ from 1994 to 2007

Nicolas Gruber¹, Dominic Clement², Brendan R Carter^{3

4}, Richard A Feely³, Steven van Heuven⁵, Mario Hoppema⁶, Masao Ishii⁷, Robert M Key⁸, Alex Kozyr⁹, Siv K Lauvset^{10

11}, Claire Lo Monaco¹², Jeremy T Mathis¹³, Akihiko Murata¹⁴, Are Olsen¹¹, Fiz F Perez¹⁵, Christopher L Sabine¹⁶, Toste Tanhua¹⁷, Rik Wanninkhof¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch.
² Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
³ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁴ Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵ Centre for Isotope Research, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
⁶ Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
⁷ Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan.
⁸ Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
⁹ NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
¹⁰ NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.
¹¹ Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.
¹² LOCEAN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
¹³ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Arctic Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
¹⁴ Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan.
¹⁵ Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
¹⁶ Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
¹⁷ GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
¹⁸ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA.

PMID: 30872519
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5153

The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO₂ from 1994 to 2007

Nicolas Gruber et al. Science. 2019.

. 2019 Mar 15;363(6432):1193-1199.

doi: 10.1126/science.aau5153.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch.
² Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
³ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁴ Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵ Centre for Isotope Research, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
⁶ Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
⁷ Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan.
⁸ Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
⁹ NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
¹⁰ NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.
¹¹ Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.
¹² LOCEAN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
¹³ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Arctic Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
¹⁴ Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan.
¹⁵ Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
¹⁶ Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
¹⁷ GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
¹⁸ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA.

PMID: 30872519
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5153

Abstract

We quantify the oceanic sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) over the period 1994 to 2007 by using observations from the global repeat hydrography program and contrasting them to observations from the 1990s. Using a linear regression-based method, we find a global increase in the anthropogenic CO₂ inventory of 34 ± 4 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) between 1994 and 2007. This is equivalent to an average uptake rate of 2.6 ± 0.3 Pg C year^-1 and represents 31 ± 4% of the global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions over this period. Although this global ocean sink estimate is consistent with the expectation of the ocean uptake having increased in proportion to the rise in atmospheric CO₂, substantial regional differences in storage rate are found, likely owing to climate variability-driven changes in ocean circulation.

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The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO₂ from 1994 to 2007

Affiliations

The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO₂ from 1994 to 2007

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

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