Wing morphology predicts geographic range size in vespertilionid bats

Abstract

Why some species are widespread across continents while others are confined geographically remains an open question in ecology and biogeography. Previous research has attempted to explain interspecific variation in geographic range size based on differences in dispersal ability. However, the relationship between dispersal ability and geographic range size remains uncertain, particularly in mammals. The goal of this study is to test whether geographic range size can be predicted by dispersal capacity among vespertilionid bats within a phylogenetic comparative framework. We integrated a large dataset on range area, longitudinal extent, wing morphology (a proxy for dispersal ability), migratory habit, and biogeographic realm across 126 vespertilionid bat species. We used phylogenetic regressions to disentangle the associations between these predictor factors and species range size while controlling for the effects of migration and biogeographic realm. Our analyses revealed that bat species with higher wing loading exhibit larger distribution ranges than those with lower wing loading, and that the size of geographic ranges was associated with wing aspect ratio in bats. These results highlight the relationship between wing morphology and range size in flying mammals, and suggest a role of dispersal capacity in shaping species' geographic distributions.

Figure 1

Relationship between dispersal ability and geographic range size in vespertilionid bats. The scatterplots depict the relationship between (a) log₁₀ relative wing loading and log₁₀ range area, (b) log₁₀ relative wing loading and log₁₀ longitudinal extent, (c) log₁₀ aspect ratio and log₁₀ range area, and (d) log₁₀ aspect ratio and log₁₀ longitudinal extent. Lines represent the best-fitting regression models after correcting for phylogeny, migration, and biogeographic realm.