Influence of experimental alcoholism on the repair process of bone defects filled with beta-tricalcium phosphate

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of ethanol on the repair in calvaria treated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Forty rats were distributed into 2 groups: Water group (CG, n = 20) and Alcohol Group (AG, n = 20), which received 25% ethanol ad libitum after an adaptation period of 3 weeks. After 90 days of liquid diet, the rats were submitted to a 5.0 mm bilateral craniotomy in the parietal bones; the left parietal was filled with β-TCP (CG-TCP and AG-TCP) and the contralateral only with blood clot (CG-Clot and AG-Clot). The animals were killed after 10, 20, 40 and 60 days. The groups CG-Clot and AG-Clot showed similar pattern of bone formation with a gradual and significant increase in the amount of bone in CG-Clot (22.17 ± 3.18 and 34.81 ± 5.49) in relation to AG-Clot (9.35 ± 5.98 and 21.65 ± 6.70) in periods of 20-40 days, respectively. However, in the other periods there was no statistically significant difference. Alcohol ingestion had a negative influence on bone formation, even with the use of β-TCP, exhibiting slow resorption and replacement by fibrous tissue, with 16% of bone formation within 60 days in AG-TCP, exhibiting immature bone tissue with predominance of disorganized collagen fibers. Defects in CG-TCP showed bone tissue with predominance of lamellar arrangement filling 39% of the original defect. It can be concluded that chronic ethanol consumption impairs the ability to repair bone defects, even with the use of a β-TCP biomaterial.

Keywords: Alcohol; Biomaterial; Bone regeneration; Bone repair.