Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comparative Study
. 2019 Sep-Oct;21(5):445-451.
doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_2_19.

Bilateral versus unilateral cryptorchidism in nonobstructive azoospermia: Testicular sperm extraction outcomes

Anne-Laure Barbotin  1   2 , Anaïs Dauvergne  3 , Agathe Dumont  4 , Nassima Ramdane  5 , Valérie Mitchell  1   2 , Jean-Marc Rigot  2   3 , Florence Boitrelle  6 , Geoffroy Robin  2   3   4
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Bilateral versus unilateral cryptorchidism in nonobstructive azoospermia: Testicular sperm extraction outcomes

Anne-Laure Barbotin et al. Asian J Androl. 2019 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

Cryptorchidism is one of the most frequent causes of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) in adulthood. Although it is well known that spermatogenesis is more impaired in bilateral than in unilateral cryptorchidism, previous studies have only described small cohorts or inhomogeneous population. Consequently, we analyzed a cohort of 225 men with only a history of cryptorchidism as sole etiopathogenetic factor for NOA, and compared testicular sperm extraction (TESE) outcomes between men with bilateral versus unilateral cryptorchidism. Our results show no difference in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and testicular volumes between men with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism compared to unilateral cryptorchidism (median: 21.3 IU l-1 vs 19.3 IU l-1, P = 0.306; and 7.2 ml vs 7.9 ml, P = 0.543, respectively). In addition, sperm retrieval rates were similar (66.2% vs 60.0%, P = 0.353). Using multivariate analysis, we have found that only a low inhibin B level (above the assay's detection limit) was positively associated with successful sperm retrieval (P < 0.05). Regarding intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes, we found that cumulative pregnancy rate and live birth rate per cycle were not statistically different between the two groups (17.4% vs 27.8%, P = 0.070; and 16.1% vs 26.4%, P = 0.067, respectively). Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in hormonal profiles (FSH, luteinizing hormone [LH], testosterone, and inhibin B levels) and TESE outcomes between unilateral versus bilateral cryptorchidism. This suggests that a history of unilateral cryptorchidism could reflect a bilateral testicular impairment. Interestingly, inhibin B level might be a predictor of successful TESE.

Keywords: cryptorchidism; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; nonobstructive azoospermia; testicular sperm extraction.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A flow chart of the studied population. NOA: nonobstructive azoospermia; AZF: azoospermia factor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Barthold JS, González R. The epidemiology of congenital cryptorchidism, testicular ascent and orchiopexy. J Urol. 2003;170:2396–401. - PubMed
    1. Averous M, Lopez C. Cryptorchidism: the point of view of a pediatric urologist. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2004;32:813–7. [Article in French] - PubMed
    1. Hadziselimovic F. Opinion: comment on evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA/AAP and Nordic consensus guidelines. Urol Int. 2016;96:249–54. - PubMed
    1. Olesen IA, Andersson AM, Aksglaede L, Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-de Meyts E, et al. Clinical, genetic, biochemical, and testicular biopsy findings among 1,213 men evaluated for infertility. Fertil Steril. 2017;107:74–82.e7. - PubMed
    1. Fedder J, Cruger D, Oestergaard B, Petersen GB. Etiology of azoospermia in 100 consecutive nonvasectomized men. Fertil Steril. 2004;82:1463–5. - PubMed

Publication types

Supplementary concepts