Predictive values of resonance frequency analysis as a diagnostic tool in palatal implant loss

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic value of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in predicting palatal implant (PI) loss.

Materials and methods: RFA values of 32 patients (study center at Mainz and Dresden) were evaluated in a prospective randomized controlled trial addressing clinical performance of two loading concepts on PI (Orthosystem, Straumann, Basel, Switzerland). Group 1: conventional loading after a 12-week healing period vs group 2: immediate loading within one week after insertion. Stability was assessed by RFA after surgical insertion (T1), one week (T2), and 12 weeks (T3) later.

Results: All 32 PI were clinically stable after surgical insertion; 14 PI were loaded conventionally and 18 immediately. One implant in group 1 was lost 6 weeks after insertion. One drop-out was registered in group 2. One false positive and three false negative implant stability quotients (ISQ) were observed. ISQ values of clinically stable PI in group 1 were 67.2 (SD ± 9.5) at T1, 62.3 (SD ± 11.7) at T2, and 68.2 (SD ± 5.5) at T3. Group 2 showed 67.1 (SD ± 11.7) at T1, 65.4 (SD ± 10.4) at T2, and 72.3 (SD ± 5.6) at T3. Differences between groups were not statistically significant for starting time (P = .88) and change from T1 to T2: 0.08 but were significant from T1 to T3: P = .04; (regression analysis).

Conclusions: RFA had no sensitivity for prediction of stability. General decrease after primary stability and increase with secondary stability gives support for specificity. Within the limits of the study, only the diagnostic value of RFA identifying stable palatal implants could be confirmed.

Keywords: Palatal implant; Resonance frequency analysis.

Figure 1.

Measurement procedure for resonance frequency analysis.

Figure 2.

Direct loading at palatal implant.

Figure 3.

Indirect loading at palatal implant.

Figure 4.

Changes in implant stability quotient (ISQ) values between the groups that were subjected to conventional (a) and (b) early loading after insertion (T1), after 1 week (T2) and 12 weeks (T3).

Figure 5.

Δ changes in implant stability quotient (ISQ) values between the groups that were subjected to conventional and early loading after 1 week (T2) and 12 weeks (T3). The two groups showed no significant differences in implant stability at T2 (P = .07), but at T3 (P = .04) when adjusting for other covariates (baseline T1).