The impact of menstrual symptoms on everyday life: a survey among 42,879 women

Abstract

Background: Menstrual symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding, and perimenstrual mood disorders are known to be widespread among the general population. From studies in patients with endometriosis and premenstrual disorder, it has been shown that these symptoms can have a large impact on women's quality of life and account for substantial health care use. Furthermore, it is estimated that many women initially do not consult a doctor while facing menstrual symptoms. Consequently, the impact of menstrual symptoms on daily activities in the general population is unknown.

Objective: To obtain a nationwide overview of menstrual symptoms and their impact on everyday activities.

Study design: Nationwide, cross-sectional, internet-based survey among 42,879 women aged 15-45 years, conducted from July to October 2017.

Outcome measures: presence of menstrual symptoms, pain or intensity score, impact on daily activities.

Results: Dysmenorrhea was the most common symptom, with a prevalence of 85%, followed by psychological complaints (77%), and tiredness (71%). During their menstrual period, 38% of all women reported not to be able to perform all their regular daily activities. From the women that had to skip tasks because of their symptoms, only 48.6% told their family that menstrual symptoms were the reason for the transfer of tasks.

Conclusion: Menstrual symptoms are widespread among the general population. One in 3 women quit daily activities owing to menstrual symptoms. Half of all women did not mention menstrual complaints being the reason for transferring tasks in a family setting. These results must be interpreted with caution owing to the potential for selection bias. However, considering the impact of menstrual symptoms on daily activities in a large group of women, it is time to open the societal dialogue and improve education for both patients and doctors.

Keywords: catamenial; dysmenorrhea; general population; menstruation; survey.