Potential Utility of Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for the Assessment of Solid Tumors: Implications in the Precision Oncology

doi:10.3390/jcm8030373

Review

. 2019 Mar 18;8(3):373.

doi: 10.3390/jcm8030373.

Potential Utility of Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for the Assessment of Solid Tumors: Implications in the Precision Oncology

Roshni Ann Mathai¹, Ryali Valli Sri Vidya², B Shrikar Reddy³, Levin Thomas⁴, Karthik Udupa⁵, Jill Kolesar⁶, Mahadev Rao⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. roshniannmathai1@gmail.com.
² Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. vallisrividyar@gmail.com.
³ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. reddyshrikar@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. levin.thomas@learner.manipal.edu.
⁵ Department of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. udupa.karthik@manipal.edu.
⁶ Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, 567 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40539-0596, USA. Jill.kolesar@uky.edu.
⁷ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. mahadev.rao@manipal.edu.

PMID: 30889786
PMCID: PMC6463095
DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030373

Review

Potential Utility of Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for the Assessment of Solid Tumors: Implications in the Precision Oncology

Roshni Ann Mathai et al. J Clin Med. 2019.

. 2019 Mar 18;8(3):373.

doi: 10.3390/jcm8030373.

Authors

Roshni Ann Mathai¹, Ryali Valli Sri Vidya², B Shrikar Reddy³, Levin Thomas⁴, Karthik Udupa⁵, Jill Kolesar⁶, Mahadev Rao⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. roshniannmathai1@gmail.com.
² Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. vallisrividyar@gmail.com.
³ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. reddyshrikar@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. levin.thomas@learner.manipal.edu.
⁵ Department of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. udupa.karthik@manipal.edu.
⁶ Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, 567 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40539-0596, USA. Jill.kolesar@uky.edu.
⁷ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. mahadev.rao@manipal.edu.

PMID: 30889786
PMCID: PMC6463095
DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030373

Abstract

Liquid biopsy is a technique that utilizes circulating biomarkers in the body fluids of cancer patients to provide information regarding the genetic landscape of the cancer. It is emerging as an alternative and complementary diagnostic and prognostic tool to surgical biopsy in oncology. Liquid biopsy focuses on the detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes, as a source of genomic and proteomic information in cancer patients. Liquid biopsy is expected to provide the necessary acceleratory force for the implementation of precision oncology in clinical settings by contributing an enhanced understanding of tumor heterogeneity and permitting the dynamic monitoring of treatment responses and genomic variations. However, widespread implementation of liquid biopsy based biomarker-driven therapy in the clinical practice is still in its infancy. Technological advancements have resolved many of the hurdles faced in the liquid biopsy methodologies but sufficient clinical and technical validation for specificity and sensitivity has not yet been attained for routine clinical implementation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical utility of liquid biopsy and its effectiveness as an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in colorectal, breast, hepatocellular, gastric and lung carcinomas which were the five leading cancer related mortalities in 2018.

Keywords: cancer diagnosis; cancer prognosis; circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); circulating tumor cells (CTCs); exosomes; liquid biopsy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Procedure for performing liquid biopsy.

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[1] Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. The Hallmarks of Cancer. Cell. 2000;100:57–70. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. The Hallmarks of Cancer. Cell. 2000;100:57–70. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9. - DOI - PubMed

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[8] Shin S.H., Bode A.M., Dong Z. Precision medicine: The foundation of future cancer therapeutics. NPJ Precis. Oncol. 2017;1:12. doi: 10.1038/s41698-017-0016-z. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Collins F.S., Varmus H. A New Initiative on Precision Medicine. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015;372:793–795. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1500523. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Collins F.S., Varmus H. A New Initiative on Precision Medicine. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015;372:793–795. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1500523. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Potential Utility of Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for the Assessment of Solid Tumors: Implications in the Precision Oncology

Affiliations

Potential Utility of Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for the Assessment of Solid Tumors: Implications in the Precision Oncology

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Abstract

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