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Review
. 2019 Mar 18;11(3):381.
doi: 10.3390/cancers11030381.

Angiogenesis in Pancreatic Cancer: Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies

Tiziana Annese  1 , Roberto Tamma  2 , Simona Ruggieri  3 , Domenico Ribatti  4
Affiliations
Review

Angiogenesis in Pancreatic Cancer: Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies

Tiziana Annese et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Angiogenesis is a crucial event in tumor development and progression, occurring by different mechanisms and it is driven by pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules. Pancreatic cancer vascularization is characterized by a high microvascular density, impaired microvessel integrity and poor perfused vessels with heterogeneous distribution. In this review article, after a brief introduction on pancreatic cancer classification and on angiogenesis mechanisms involved in its progression, the pre-clinical and clinical trials conducted in pancreatic cancer treatment using anti-angiogenic inhibitors will be described. Finally, we will discuss the anti-angiogenic therapy paradox between the advantage to abolish vessel supply to block tumor growth and the disadvantage due to reduction of drug delivery at the same time. The purpose is to identify new anti-angiogenic molecules that may enhance treatment regimen.

Keywords: angiogenesis; anti-angiogenic therapy; pancreatic cancer; tumor progression.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare the absence of conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Anti-angiogenic approaches in pancreatic cancer pre-clinical studies of last 5 years discussed in the text.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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