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. 2019 Mar 18;34(3):e201900305.
doi: 10.1590/s0102-865020190030000005.

Effect of ethyl acetate extract of usnea longissima on esophagogastric adenocarcinoma in rats1

Renad Mammadov  1 , Bahadir Suleyman  2 , Durdu Altuner  3 , Elif Demirci  4 , Nihal Cetin  5 , Adnan Yilmaz  6 , Huseyin Baykal  7 , Hilal Alpcan  8 , Emine Akyuz Turumtay  9 , Halis Suleyman  10
Affiliations

Effect of ethyl acetate extract of usnea longissima on esophagogastric adenocarcinoma in rats1

Renad Mammadov et al. Acta Cir Bras. .

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effects of the EtOAc extract of U. longissima which is uninvestigated previously on esophagogastric cancer induced in rats with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (MNNG).

Methods: The anticancer activity of EtOAc extract of U. longissima was examined in the esophagogastric adenocarcinoma models induced in rats with MNNG. EtOAc extract of U. longissima, 50 and 100 mg/kg oral doses were administered once daily for six months. MNNG induced differentiated and undifferentiated type adenocarcinomas in the esophageal and gastric tissues of rats.

Results: EtOAc extract of U. longissima obtained from U. longissima prevented gastric and esophageal cancerogenesis induced in rats with MNNG. EtOAc extract of U. longissima did not have a lethal effect at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. The prominent anticarcinogenic activity of EtOAc extract of U. longissima 50 and 100 mg/kg suggests that it is not toxic and it is selective to the cancer tissue.

Conclusion: This information may shed light on clinical implementation of EtOAc extract of U. longissima in future.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: none

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Histopathological appearance of the esophagogastric tissue in the groups. A. In HC group, the sections shows esophagogastric junction (arrow), mature gastric epithelial cells (asterisk) and mature esophageal squamous cells (arrowhead) (HE, x100). B. In the EMC group, the sections shows well-differentiated mature squamous epithelium (arrow) and squamous cell carcinoma (asterisk) (HE, x100). C. In the EMC group, the sections shows keratin pearls (asterisk), invasion (arrowhead), and the mature squamous cells (arrow) in the well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma area (HE, x200). D. In the EMC group, the sections shows localized tumors (asterisk) in the esophageal squamous epithelium and gastric mucosa.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Appearance of the esophagogastric tissue in the EMC group from the immunohistochemistry analysis. A; cellularity and atypia tumor cells (HE, x200), B; bizarre cells (arrow) and mitosis (arrowhead) (HE, x400), C; normally esophagogastric tissue (arrow) (Pan-cytokeratin, x100), D; undifferentiated tumors cells (vimentin, x100).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Histopathological appearance of the esophagogastric tissue A; in the EM-50 group (HE, x100). There were no pathological findings in the 8 subjects. B; in the EM-50 group (HE, x200). Hyperplasia (grade-I) was indicated in the 2 subjects. C; in the EM-100 group. The sections shows dysplasia (arrow) (HE, x100).
Figure 4
Figure 4. CK-MB (A) and TP-I (B) levels in the blood samples. E-500, E-1000 and E-2000 groups were compared with the HC group(*P<0.001).
Figure 5
Figure 5. ALT (A) and AST (B) levels in the blood samples. E-500, E-1000 and E-2000 groups were compared with the HC group.
Figure 6
Figure 6. BUN (A) and Creatinine (B) levels in the blood samples. E-500, E-1000 and E-2000 groups were compared with the HC group.
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