Monitoring cellular C:N ratio in phytoplankton by means of FTIR-spectroscopy

Abstract

Statistical growth rate modelling can be applied in a variety of ecological and biotechnological applications. Such models are frequently based on Monod or Droop equations and, especially for the latter, require reliable determination of model input parameters such as C:N quotas. Besides growth rate modelling, a C:N quota quantification can be useful for monitoring and interpretation of physiological acclimation to abiotic and biotic disturbances (e.g., nutrient limitations). However, as high throughput C:N quota determination is difficult to perform, alternatives need to be established. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to analyze a variety of biochemical, chemical, and physiological parameters in phytoplankton. Hence, a quantification of the C:N quota should also be feasible. Therefore, using FTIR spectroscopy, six phytoplankton species from among different phylogenetic groups have been analyzed to determine the effect of nutrient limitation on C:N quota patterns. The typical species-specific response to increasing nitrogen limitation was an increase in the C:N quota. Irrespective of this species specificity, we were able to develop a reliable multi-species C:N quota prediction model based on FTIR spectroscopy using the partial least square regression (PLSR) algorithm. Our data demonstrate that the PLSR approach is more robust in C:N quota quantification (R² = 0.93) than linear correlation of C:N quota versus growth rate (R² ranges from 0.74 to 0.86) or biochemical information based on FTIR spectra (R² ranges from 0.82 to 0.89). This accurate prediction of C:N values may support high throughput measurements in a broad range of future approaches.

Keywords: Droop; Redfield ratio; algae; biomass composition; cell quota; chemometric modelling; ecological stoichiometry; nitrogen limitation.