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Practice Guideline
. 2019 Sep 10;74(10):e177-e232.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010. Epub 2019 Mar 17.

2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Donna K Arnett, Roger S Blumenthal, Michelle A Albert, Andrew B Buroker, Zachary D Goldberger, Ellen J Hahn, Cheryl Dennison Himmelfarb, Amit Khera, Donald Lloyd-Jones, J William McEvoy, Erin D Michos, Michael D Miedema, Daniel Muñoz, Sidney C Smith Jr, Salim S Virani, Kim A Williams Sr, Joseph Yeboah, Boback Ziaeian
Practice Guideline

2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Donna K Arnett et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. .

Erratum in

  • Correction.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Sep 10;74(10):1429-1430. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.07.011. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019. PMID: 31488286 No abstract available.
  • Correction.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Feb 25;75(7):840. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.016. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020. PMID: 32081294 No abstract available.
No abstract available

Keywords: ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines; LDL-cholesterol; antihypertensive agents; aspirin; atherosclerosis; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; atrial fibrillation; behavior modification; behavior therapy; blood cholesterol; blood pressure; body mass; cardiovascular; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular team-based care; cholesterol; chronic kidney disease; coronary artery calcium score; coronary disease; coronary heart disease; cost; diabetes mellitus; diet; dietary fats; dietary patterns; dietary sodium; dyslipidemia; e-cigarettes; exercise; guidelines; health services accessibility; healthcare disparities; heart failure; hypertension; index; lifestyle; lipids; measurement; myocardial infarction; nicotine; nonpharmacological treatment; nutrition; physical activity; prejudice; primary prevention; psychosocial deprivation; public health; quality indicators; quality measurement; risk assessment; risk factors; risk reduction; risk reduction discussion; risk treatment discussion; risk-enhancing factors; secondhand smoke; sleep; smoking; smoking cessation; social determinants of health; socioeconomic factors; statin therapy; systems of care; tobacco; tobacco smoke pollution; treatment adherence; treatment outcomes; type 2 diabetes mellitus; waist circumference; weight loss.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1. Hours Per Day Spent in Various States of Activity
U.S. adults spend >7 h/d on average in sedentary activities. Replacing sedentary time with other physical activity involves increasing either moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity or light-intensity physical activity. Data modified from Young et al. (S3.2-30).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2. Treatment of T2DM for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; GLP-1R, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SGLT-2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; and T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3. Primary Prevention
Colors correspond to Class of Recommendation in Table 1. ABI indicates ankle-brachial index; apoB, apolipoprotein B; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CHD, coronary heart disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and Lp(a), lipoprotein (a). Reproduced with permission from Grundy et al. (S4.3-1). Copyright © 2018, American Heart Association, Inc., and American College of Cardiology Foundation.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4. BP Thresholds and Recommendations for Treatment
Colors correspond to Class of Recommendation in Table 1. BP indicates blood pressure; and CVD, cardiovascular disease. Adapted with permission from Whelton et al. (S4.4-1). Copyright © 2017, American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association, Inc.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

INTRODUCTION

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Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence
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OVERARCHING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ASCVD PREVENT ION EFFORTS

Patient-Centered Approaches for Providing Comprehensive ASCVD Prevention
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Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk
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LIFESTYLE FACTORS AFFECTING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

Nutrition and Diet
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OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

Obesity and Being Overweight
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High Blood Cholesterol
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High Blood Pressure or Hypertension
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Tobacco Use
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Aspirin Use
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COST AND VALUE CONSIDERATIONS

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CONCLUSION

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