Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 Feb;83(1):6922.
doi: 10.5688/ajpe6922.

Pre-Class Learning Methods for Flipped Classrooms

Emily Han  1 , Kristin C Klein  1
Affiliations
Review

Pre-Class Learning Methods for Flipped Classrooms

Emily Han et al. Am J Pharm Educ. 2019 Feb.

Abstract

Objective. To review the types of pre-class learning modalities used in flipped classrooms (FC) and team-based learning (TBL) and determine best practices. Findings. Forty-eight articles were included. Reading materials or video lectures were used most often as the primary modality to deliver the pre-class learning. Students favored assignments that have clear objectives, provide guidance, are guided, and are brief. Summary. This study describes how pharmacy schools and colleges are implementing FC into their curricula and the types of pre-class learning that are being developed and assigned with the implementation. More research should be done in comparing the impact of different types of pre-class material on learning outcomes, such as knowledge retention. This is especially important in FC settings because the in-class learning and higher order activities are built upon having a good foundational knowledge, which comes from the pre-class learning.

Keywords: flipped classroom; pre-class; pre-work; team-based learning.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Disciplines Describing Pre-Class Learning with Flipped Classrooms.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Types of Pre-Class Learning.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Krathwohl DR. A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy: an overview. Theory Pract. 2002;41(4):212–218.
    1. Michaelsen L, Bauman Knight A, Fink LD. Team-based Learning. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.; 2002.
    1. Bernard JS. The flipped classroom: fertile ground for nursing education research. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2015;12(1):99–109. - PubMed
    1. Persky AM, McLaughlin JE. The flipped classroom – from theory to practice in health professional education. Am J Pharm Educ. 2017;81(6):Article 118. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ramnanan CJ, Pound LD. Advances in medical education and practice: student perceptions of the flipped classroom. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2017;8:63–73. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources