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. 2018 May;25(3):111-119.
doi: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.3.11. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Adaptation and Validation of the Malay Version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+) for Malaysian Secondary School Children

Izyan Hazwani Baharuddin  1   2 , Wan Nor Arifin  1 , Yee Cheng Kueh  1 , Normastura Abd Rahman  3
Affiliations

Adaptation and Validation of the Malay Version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+) for Malaysian Secondary School Children

Izyan Hazwani Baharuddin et al. Malays J Med Sci. 2018 May.

Abstract

Background: Many questionnaires have been developed to measure dental anxiety and fear. Among them is the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear Scale (IDAF-4C+), which consists of a dental anxiety and fear module (IDAF-4C), a phobia module (IDAF-P) and a stimulus module (IDAF-S). The objective of this research was to report the adaptation and validation of the IDAF-4C+ for Malaysian secondary school children.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional validation study. The original English version of the IDAF-4C+ was translated into Malay, back-translated, and then sent for content validation via an expert validation and face validation by the target student population. Three hundred and seventy questionnaires were then distributed among 16-year-old school children. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted for the IDAF-4C module using a bootstrapped maximum likelihood estimator. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the relationship between the IDAF-S and IDAF-4C modules. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to determine the stability of the IDAF-S and IDAF-4C modules, while kappa values were used for the IDAF-P module.

Results: The response rate was 86.5% for CFA and 76.9% for stability. CFA showed the existence of only one factor with a reliability estimate of 0.921, obtained via Raykov's procedure. All items in the IDAF-S module were significantly correlated with the IDAF-4C module (P < 0.001). The IDAF-S and IDAF-4C modules were stable, as determined via a two-way mixed model with absolute agreement, a single measure and a Case 3 ICC (A, 1). The IDAF-P module showed satisfactory stability, as assessed via kappa values.

Conclusion: The Malay version of the IDAF-4C+ is valid and reliable in measuring dental anxiety and fear among Malaysian secondary school children.

Keywords: children; dental anxiety; dental fear; reliability; validation studies.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest None of the authors have any conflict of interest with the research presented in this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chi-square versus Mahalanobis Distance plot
Figure 2
Figure 2
CFA for the IDAF-4C model
Figure 3
Figure 3
Realibility as determined via Raykov’s procedure
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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