Associations of dipping and non-dipping hypertension with cardiovascular diseases in patients with dyslipidemia

Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidemia combined with hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current study aimed to investigate the association of dipping and non-dipping hypertension with CVD in patients with dyslipidemia.

Material and methods: A total of 243 documented dyslipidemia patients with hypertension were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and clinic and 24-hour blood pressure (BP) parameters were compared between dipping and non-dipping groups based on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of dipping and non-dipping hypertension with CVD.

Results: Compared to the dipping group, patients in the non-dipping group were older, more likely to be male and smokers, had higher serum creatinine levels, and were more likely to have chronic kidney disease and CVD (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). No significant between-group differences in clinic systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) were observed. However, compared to the dipping group, 24-hour SBP, nighttime SBP and DBP, and night-day ratio of SBP and DBP were all significantly higher in the non-dipping group (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In the dipping group, only night-day ratio of SBP was significantly associated with CVD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.02-1.34). In the non-dipping group, both night-day ratio of SBP and DBP were significantly associated with CVD, with an OR of 1.72 (95% CI: 1.33-2.06) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.05-1.66), respectively.

Conclusions: In patients with dyslipidemia, non-dipping hypertension is more closely related to CVD compared to dipping hypertension.

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; dyslipidemia; hypertension.