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Review
. 2019 Mar 6;4(2):92-98.
doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2019.02.003. eCollection 2019 Jun.

Resistance mechanisms and reprogramming of microorganisms for efficient biorefinery under multiple environmental stresses

Ke Xu  1   2 , Yun Seo Lee  1 , Jun Li  1 , Chun Li  1
Affiliations
Review

Resistance mechanisms and reprogramming of microorganisms for efficient biorefinery under multiple environmental stresses

Ke Xu et al. Synth Syst Biotechnol. .

Erratum in

  • Erratum regarding previously published articles.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] Synth Syst Biotechnol. 2020 Oct 12;5(4):328. doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.10.003. eCollection 2020 Dec. Synth Syst Biotechnol. 2020. PMID: 33102826 Free PMC article.

Abstract

In the fermentation process of biorefinery, industrial strains are normally subjected to adverse environmental stresses, which leads to their slow growth, yield decline, a substantial increase in energy consumption, and other negative consequences, which ultimately seriously hamper the development of biorefinery. How to minimize the impact of stress on microorganisms is of great significance. This review not only reveals the damaging effects of different environmental stresses on microbial strains but also introduces commonly used strategies to improve microbial tolerance, including adaptive evolution, reprogramming of the industrial host based on genetic circuits, global transcription machinery engineering (gTME) and bioprocess integration. Furthermore, by integrating the advantages of these strategies and reducing the cost of system operation, the tolerance of industrial strains, combined with production efficiency and process stability, will be greatly improved, and the development prospects of biorefinery will be more widespread.

Keywords: Bioprocess integration; Biorefinery; Environmental stresses; Microbial resistance mechanism; Synthetic biology.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The applications of biorefinery for bio-based products and bio-energy.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A. Heat Stress (the left side is a normal status, and the right side is heat resistant status, as the mitochondria and Golgi complex of cell were destroyed) B. Oxidative Stress and the unpleasant effects on cells C. Acid Stress (when the cell were exposed to acid stress, intracellular pH was decreased, DNA was mutated and intracellular protein also was mutated) D. Organic Solvent Stress (when the cell were exposed to organic solvent, the membrane was destroyed, and organic solvent decreased enzyme activity, hindered macromolecule synthesis and reduced nutrient absorption …).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A. Thermo-robustness mechanism of IMHeRE (including thermo-tolerant system and quorum-regulating system) B. global transcription machinery engineering project (gTME) C. Bioprocess integration and optimization in the pretreatment process of the cellulose.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Multiple strategies synergy in boosting multi-level tolerance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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