Not engaged in education, employment or training (NEET) in an Arctic sociocultural context: the NAAHS cohort study

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the prevalence and predictors of not engaged in education, employment or training (NEET) status in a multicultural young adult population in Northern Norway.

Design and setting: The longitudinal design link a self-reported survey (2003-2005) with an objective registry linkage follow-up 8-10 years later.

Participants: Of all 5877 tenth graders (aged 15-16 years) in Northern Norway, 83% of the total age cohort from all 87 municipalities participated in the baseline survey. The follow-up studies consisted of 3987 consent giving adolescents (68%), were 365 (9.2%) reported indigenous Sami ethnicity.

Outcome measures: Youth NEET at the age of 23-25 years.

Methods: Explanatory variables were sociodemographic factors (gender, ethnicity, residency, parental education), mental health problems and musculoskeletal pain in adolescence. Outcome variable characterised as NEET-status was defined by no educational engagement, long-term recipient of sickness benefit, medical and non-medical benefit receipt or long-term unemployment.

Results: NEET-status in young adulthood was significantly higher among females (20.9%) than among males (16.2%). Ethnic differences occurred as being NEET among Sami males was significantly higher than among non-Sami males, 23.0% and 15.2% respectively. Minority Sami females experienced NEET-status to a lower degree (16.6%) than non-Sami females (20.8%). Among females adolescent peer problems (adjusted OR=1.09) and hyperactivity problems (adjusted OR=1.10) were associated with later NEET-status. Peer problems (adjusted OR=1.23), conduct problems (adjusted OR=1.17) and musculoskeletal problems (adjusted OR=1.15) in male adolescents were associated with later NEET-status, whereas emotional problems among males predicted significantly less later NEET- status (adjusted OR=0.88).We found lower parental education to be significantly associated with being NEET-later in young adults (females: adjusted OR=2.11, males: adjusted OR=3.22).

Conclusions: To address the disengagement of education and work, particular emphasis must be placed on supporting young people struggling with mental and physical health problems.

Keywords: NEET-status; indigenous; longitudinal design; mental health problems; musculoskeletal pain; parental education; public health; young adults.

Figure 1

Study timeline. NAAHS, Norwegian Arctic Adolescent Health Study.

Figure 2

Flow chart for the study. *total population; **NAAHS participants. FD-Trygd, National Insurance Registry; NAAHS, Norwegian Arctic Adolescent Health Study; NUDB, National Education Data Base.