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. 2019 Feb 18:2019:8908343.
doi: 10.1155/2019/8908343. eCollection 2019.

Phytochemical Study of Aqueous Extract of Ochna schweinfurthiana F. Hoffm Powder Bark and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Properties

Steve V Djova  1 , Maximilienne A Nyegue  2 , Angelique N Messi  3 , Alian D Afagnigni  1 , François-X Etoa  2
Affiliations

Phytochemical Study of Aqueous Extract of Ochna schweinfurthiana F. Hoffm Powder Bark and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Properties

Steve V Djova et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

Ochna schweinfurthiana has been used in traditional medicine to treat pain, inflammation, and arthritis. It is a rich source of complex dimers of flavonoids with potential use as templates for the development of therapeutic drugs. Hence, the aim of this study was to study the phytochemical content and evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Ochna schweinfurthiana bark (OSE). Phytochemical study was carried out according to LC-MS procedures, while isolation was carried out using thin layer and column chromatographies. Cytotoxicity was investigated by the mitochondrial viability [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) method while genotoxicity potential of the extract was ascertained using the Salmonella typhimurium test strains TA98 and TA100. The anti-inflammatory effect of OSE was evaluated by the in vitro inhibition of 15-lipooxygenase enzyme and bovine serum albumin denaturation (BSA) assays. The investigation of compounds extracted from OSE led to the identification and isolation of six known compounds, namely, hemerocallone (9), 6,7-dimethoxy-3'-4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (10), lithospermoside (13), amentoflavone (14), agathisflavone (15), and β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (17). In the anti-inflammatory assay, aqueous extracts of the bark showed selective inhibition of 15-lipooxygenase with IC50 value of 32.2 ± 0.36 μg/mL and the result of the bovine serum albumin denaturation assay with IC50 value of 130± 5.78 μg/mL showed moderate activity. The toxicity assay indicated that OSE are noncytotoxic on Vero cell line with LC50 value of 50 mg/mL and nongenotoxic toward Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98 and TA100. Result from this study supports the traditional use of the selected medicinal plants in Cameroon for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Noncytotoxicity and nongenotoxicity of OSE suggest that this plant is safe for use.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
LC-MS chromatogram obtained from OSE.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
The chemical structures of 6 known compounds isolated from bark aqueous extract of Ochna schweinfurthiana.
Figure 2
Figure 2
% of inhibition of the 15-lipoxygenase activity of OSE and Quercetin at different concentrations from which IC50 values of OSE and Quercetin were obtained. Values are mean ±SD of three experiments.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of IC50 of OSE with Quercetin. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; Quercetin was used as a reference compound. Statistical differences between quercetin and OSE as analyzed by the paired t-test (∗P < 0.0001).
Figure 4
Figure 4
% of inhibition of the protein denaturation activity of OSE and Diclofenac sodium at different concentrations from which IC50 value of OSE and Diclofenac sodium was obtained. The error bars represent the standard deviation of measurement of the absorbance; experiment was done in triplicate.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison of IC50 between OSE and diclofenac sodium. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, sodium Diclofenac was used as a reference compound. Statistical differences between sodium diclofenac and OSE as analyzed by the Student t-test (∗P < 0.0001).
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