A role for TOR signaling at every stage of plant life

Abstract

From scientific advances in medical research to the plethora of anti-aging products available, our obsession with slowing the aging process and increasing life span is indisputable. A large research effort has been levied towards this perpetual search for the fountain of youth, yet the molecular mechanisms governing an organism's life span and the causes of aging are only beginning to emerge in animals and remain largely unanswered in plants. As one central pathway in eukaryotes controlling cell growth, development, and metabolism, the target of rapamycin (TOR) plays an evolutionarily conserved role in aging and the determination of life span. The modulation of TOR pathway components in a wide range of species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, has effects on life span. However, the mechanisms enabling some of the longest living species to endure, including trees that can live for millennia, have not been defined. Here, we introduce key TOR research from plant systems and discuss its implications in the plant life cycle and the broader field of life span research. TOR pathway functions in plant life cycle progression and life span determination are discussed, noting key differences from yeast and animal systems and the importance of 'omics' research for the continued progression of TOR signaling research.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; development; kinase; life span; meristems; signaling; target of rapamycin (TOR).