Cardio-ankle vascular index and circulating CD34-positive cell levels as indicators of endothelial repair activity in older Japanese men

Abstract

Aim: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) reflects functional arterial stiffness, which is related to endothelial dysfunction. CD34-positive cells carry out an important function in endothelial repair. However, there have been no reports assessing the association between CAVI and the number of circulating CD34-positive cells.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 249 Japanese men, aged 60-69 years, who underwent annual health checkups between 2013 and 2015. As individuals with high levels of circulating CD34-positive cells might indicate the influence of consumptive reduction of circulating CD34-positive cells as a result of aggressive endothelial repair, participants were stratified by circulating CD34-positive cell levels, using the median value in this population (0.95 cells/μL) as the cut-off.

Results: For participants with low circulating CD34-positive cell levels, logarithmic values of circulating CD34-positive cells were inversely associated with CAVI (multivariable standardized parameter estimate [β] = -0.22, P = 0.014), but not for participants with high levels (β = -0.04, P = 0.638). In addition, even when no significant associations between CAVI and carotid intima-media thickness were detected for participants with low circulating CD34-positive cell levels (β = -0.02, P = 0.865), significant positive associations were identified for participants with high levels (β = 0.22, P = 0.028).

Conclusions: As circulating CD34-positive cell count might indicate endothelial repair activity, the present results show that CAVI is affected by insufficient endothelial repair in individuals with low circulating CD34-positive cell counts. Our results also show that a positive association between CAVI and carotid intima-media thickness exists only in individuals with aggressive endothelial repair, which indicates the presence of organic arterial disease, such as atherosclerosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 557-562.

Keywords: CD34-positive cell; cardio-ankle vascular index; carotid intima-media thickness; endothelial repair.