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Comparative Study
. 2019 Mar 29;10(1):15.
doi: 10.1186/s13293-019-0230-1.

National trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas (2007-2011)

Parisa Amiri  1 , Golnaz Vahedi-Notash  1 , Parisa Naseri  1   2 , Davood Khalili  3 , Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari  4 , Yadollah Mehrabi  5 , Ali Reza Mahdavi Hazaveh  6 , Fereidoun Azizi  7 , Farzad Hadaegh  8
Affiliations
Comparative Study

National trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas (2007-2011)

Parisa Amiri et al. Biol Sex Differ. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: The current nationwide study, for the first time, aimed to assess and compare the trend of pre-hypertension and hypertension among urban and rural adolescents in Iran.

Methods: This study has been conducted in the framework of the National Surveys of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases. To estimate pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence among 9715 adolescents, aged 15-19 years, data collected in four repeated cross-sectional surveys (2007-2011) has been used. The prevalence trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension were examined across urban and rural areas of Iran. To calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of pre-hypertension and hypertension over cycles across area of residence and genders, a complex sample survey and multinomial logistic analysis were performed.

Results: Using the definition of pre-hypertension and hypertension presented by the seventh Joint National Committee (JNC-VII) for adolescents, after adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of pre-hypertension changed in both urban (boys:28.96% to 29.24% and girls:18.33% to 20.06%) and rural (boys 31.58% to 32.05% and girls 22.25% to 24.13%) areas over the study duration. Non-significant rising prevalence of hypertension was also observed in boys and girls of both regions (urban 12.76% to 15.04% and 8.02% to 9.06%; rural 9.95% to 11.79% and 10.35% to 11.60%, for boys and girls respectively). The adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of pre-hypertension (2.16; 95% CI 1.68-2.79 and 1.92, 95% CI 1.57-2.34, in urban and rural, respectively) and hypertension (2.40; 95% CI 1.65-3.51 and 1.82, 95% CI 1.36-2.45, in urban and rural, respectively) were higher in boys than girls. Comparing the adjusted PRs of pre-hypertension and hypertension in urban versus rural areas, in both genders, showed higher PRs of pre-hypertension in rural girls (1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.75).

Conclusion: The current results showed high constant trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Iranian boys and girls, residing in both urban and rural areas.

Keywords: Adolescents; Hypertension; Pre-hypertension; Rural; Urban.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The surveys received ethical approval of the Center for Disease Control of Iran. Verbal consent was provided by participants for this study.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
a Gender-specific trend of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adolescents aged 15–19 years: SuRFNCD 2007–2011. b Gender-specific trend of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adolescents aged 15–19 years: SuRFNCD 2007–2011. Error bars show standard errors of mean
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension based on JNC-VII guideline among girls, boys, and the total adolescent population in SuRFNCD 2007–2011
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
a Gender/area-specific trend for unadjusted prevalence of pre-hypertension in Iranian adolescents, aged 15–19 years based on JNC-VII guideline: SuRFNCD 2007–2011. P-interaction for girls-area = 0.59 and for boys-area = 0.31. b Gender/area-specific trend for unadjusted prevalence of hypertension in Iranian adolescents, aged 15–19 years, based on JNC-VII guideline: SuRFNCD 2007–2011. P-interaction for girls-area = 0.95 and for boys-area = 0.13. Error bars show standard errors of marginal effects
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
a Gender/area-specific trend of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adolescents aged 15–19 years: SuRFNCD 2007–2011. b Gender/area-specific trend of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adolescents aged 15–19 years: SuRFNCD 2007–2011. Error bars show standard errors of mean
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension based on AHA guideline among girls, boys, and the total adolescent population in SuRFNCD 2007–2011
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
a Gender/area-specific trend for unadjusted prevalence of pre-hypertension in Iranian adolescents, aged 15–19 years based on AHA guideline: SuRFNCD 2007–2011. P-interaction for girls/area = 0.39 and for boys/area = 0.26. b Gender/area-specific trend for unadjusted prevalence of hypertension in Iranian adolescents, aged 15–19 years, based on AHA guideline: SuRFNCD 2007–2011. P-interaction for girls-area = 0.99 and for boys-area = 0.49. Error bars show standard errors of marginal effects
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