Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Mar 28;9(4):122.
doi: 10.3390/biom9040122.

Evaluation and Behavior of Spanish Bodybuilders: Doping and Sports Supplements

Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver  1 , Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana  2 , Raúl Domínguez  3
Affiliations

Evaluation and Behavior of Spanish Bodybuilders: Doping and Sports Supplements

Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

The use of doping agents has these days become a public health problem, as it also affects young and non-competitive amateurs in different sports. To prepare for competition, bodybuilders perform aggressive dietary protocols, so, bodybuilders frequently consume nutritional supplements (NS) and banned substances in large dosages. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of banned substances consumption and NS intake in competitive level bodybuilders. A total of 48 bodybuilders (44 males and 4 females) completed a validated online questionnaire on NS consumption. The quantitative data was presented as a mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD), as well as having minimum and maximum values. The categorical variables were expressed using frequencies and percentages. 83.3% of the participants declared that they had consumed or would consume banned substances, the most consumed being anabolic steroids (72.9%). One hundred percent of those sampled use NS. Whey protein (96%), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) (94%), creatine (85%) and vitamin complexes (83%) were the most consumed, however, there is a low consumption of certain NS which could also increase athletic performance.

Keywords: bodybuilding; doping; harmful substances; sports supplements.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Sanchez-Oliver A.J., Martín-García C., Gálvez-Ruiz P., González-Jurado J.A. Mortality and economic expenses of cardiovascular diseases caused by physical inactivity in Spain. J. Phys. Educ. Sport. 2018;18:1420–1426.
    1. Myers J., Prakash M., Froelicher V., Do D., Partington S., Atwood J.E. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002;346:793–801. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011858. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jackson A.S., Sui X., Hébert J.R., Church T.S., Blair S.N. Role of lifestyle and aging on the longitudinal change in cardiorespiratory fitness. Arch. Intern. Med. 2009;169:1781–1787. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.312. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Domínguez R., Maté-Muñoz J., Serra-Paya N., Garnacho-Castaño M. Lactate threshold as a measure of aerobic metabolism in resistance exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 2018;39:163–172. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-122740. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Domínguez R., Garnacho-Castaño M.V., Maté-Muñoz J.L. Efectos del entrenamiento contra resistencias o resistance training en diversas patologías. Nutr. Hosp. 2016;33:719–733. doi: 10.20960/nh.284. - DOI - PubMed