New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature

Jens H Kuhn¹, Takuya Adachi², Neill K J Adhikari³, Jose R Arribas⁴, Ibrahima Elhadj Bah⁵, Daniel G Bausch⁶, Nahid Bhadelia⁷, Matthias Borchert⁸, Arne Broch Brantsæter⁹, David M Brett-Major¹⁰, Timothy H Burgess¹⁰, Daniel S Chertow¹¹, Christopher G Chute¹², Theodore J Cieslak¹³, Robert Colebunders¹⁴, Ian Crozier¹⁵, Richard T Davey¹⁶, Hilde de Clerck¹⁷, Rafael Delgado¹⁸, Laura Evans¹⁹, Mosoka Fallah²⁰, William A Fischer 2nd²¹, Tom E Fletcher²², Robert A Fowler²³, Thomas Grünewald²⁴, Andy Hall²⁵, Angela Hewlett²⁶, Andy I M Hoepelman²⁷, Catherine F Houlihan²⁸, Giuseppe Ippolito²⁹, Shevin T Jacob³⁰, Michael Jacobs³¹, Robert Jakob³², Frederique A Jacquerioz³³, Laurent Kaiser³⁴, Andre C Kalil²⁶, Rashidatu F Kamara³⁵, Jimmy Kapetshi³⁶, Hans-Dieter Klenk³⁷, Gary Kobinger³⁸, Mark G Kortepeter¹³, Colleen S Kraft³⁹, Thomas Kratz⁴⁰, Henry S Kyobe Bosa⁴¹, Marta Lado⁴², François Lamontagne⁴³, H Cliff Lane⁴⁴, Leslie Lobel⁴⁵, Julius Lutwama⁴⁶, G Marshall Lyon 3rd³⁹, Moses B F Massaquoi⁴⁷, Thomas A Massaquoi⁴⁸, Aneesh K Mehta³⁹, Vital Mondonge Makuma⁴⁹, Srinivas Murthy⁵⁰, Tonny Seikikongo Musoke⁵¹, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum⁵², Phiona Nakyeyune⁵³, Carolina Nanclares⁵⁴, Miriam Nanyunja⁵⁵, Justus Nsio-Mbeta⁵⁶, Tim O'Dempsey³⁰, Janusz T Pawęska⁵⁷, Clarence J Peters⁵⁸, Peter Piot⁵³, Christophe Rapp⁵⁹, Bertrand Renaud⁶⁰, Bruce Ribner³⁹, Pardis C Sabeti⁶¹, John S Schieffelin⁶², Werner Slenczka³⁷, Moses J Soka⁶³, Armand Sprecher⁶⁴, James Strong⁶⁵, Robert Swanepoel⁶⁶, Timothy M Uyeki⁶⁷, Michel van Herp⁶⁴, Pauline Vetter³⁴, David A Wohl⁶⁸, Timo Wolf⁶⁹, Anja Wolz⁶⁴, Alie H Wurie⁷⁰, Zabulon Yoti⁷¹

Affiliations

¹ Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA. kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov.
² Department of Infectious Diseases, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
⁴ Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit Madrid, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
⁵ Donka Hospital, Conakry, Guinea.
⁶ UK Public Health Rapid Support Team, London, United Kingdom.
⁷ Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
⁸ Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
⁹ Division of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁰ Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹¹ Critical Care Medicine Department, Emerging Pathogens Section, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹² Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹³ Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA.
¹⁴ University of Antwerp, Global Health Institute, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹⁵ Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research supported by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
¹⁶ Clinical Research Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹⁷ Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹⁸ Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
²⁰ National Public Health Institute, Monrovia, Liberia.
²¹ Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
²² Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool Institute of Translational Medicine and National Institute for Health Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
²³ Departments of Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
²⁴ Klinkum St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany.
²⁵ King's Sierra Leone Partnership, King's Centre for Global Health, King's College London & King's Health Partners, London, UK.
²⁶ University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
²⁷ Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
²⁸ University College London, London, United Kingdom.
²⁹ Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (National Institute for Infectious diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
³⁰ Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
³¹ Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
³² World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
³³ Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
³⁴ Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland.
³⁵ Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
³⁶ Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
³⁷ Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany.
³⁸ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
³⁹ Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
⁴⁰ Federal Information Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
⁴¹ College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
⁴² Partners in Health (PIH), Freetown, Sierra Leone.
⁴³ Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
⁴⁴ Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴⁵ Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Emerging Diseases, Tropical Diseases and AIDS, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
⁴⁶ Uganda Virus Research Institute, Arbovirology Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases, Entebbe, Uganda.
⁴⁷ Sub-Regional Consortium on Ebola Vaccine and Therapeutic Trials, Clinton Health Access Initiative - Liberia, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴⁸ 34 Military Hospital, Wilberforce Barracks, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
⁴⁹ International Health Regulations, World Health Organization, Kigali, Rwanda.
⁵⁰ Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
⁵¹ Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
⁵² Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa Medical School, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
⁵³ London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
⁵⁴ Médecins Sans Frontières, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁵ Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Kampala, Kampala District, Uganda.
⁵⁶ Direction Générale de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
⁵⁷ Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
⁵⁸ University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
⁵⁹ Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mande, France.
⁶⁰ Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
⁶¹ Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁶² Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
⁶³ Partnership for Ebola Virus Disease Research in Liberia, Monrovia Medical Units ELWA-2 Hospital, Monrovia, Liberia.
⁶⁴ Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium.
⁶⁵ Public Health Agency of Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
⁶⁶ Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
⁶⁷ Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
⁶⁸ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
⁶⁹ University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
⁷⁰ Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
⁷¹ World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

PMID: 30926957
PMCID: PMC6637750
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0187-4

New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature

Jens H Kuhn et al. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 May.

. 2019 May;17(5):261-263.

doi: 10.1038/s41579-019-0187-4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA. kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov.
² Department of Infectious Diseases, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
⁴ Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit Madrid, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
⁵ Donka Hospital, Conakry, Guinea.
⁶ UK Public Health Rapid Support Team, London, United Kingdom.
⁷ Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
⁸ Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
⁹ Division of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁰ Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹¹ Critical Care Medicine Department, Emerging Pathogens Section, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹² Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹³ Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA.
¹⁴ University of Antwerp, Global Health Institute, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹⁵ Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research supported by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
¹⁶ Clinical Research Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
¹⁷ Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹⁸ Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
²⁰ National Public Health Institute, Monrovia, Liberia.
²¹ Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
²² Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool Institute of Translational Medicine and National Institute for Health Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
²³ Departments of Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
²⁴ Klinkum St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany.
²⁵ King's Sierra Leone Partnership, King's Centre for Global Health, King's College London & King's Health Partners, London, UK.
²⁶ University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
²⁷ Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
²⁸ University College London, London, United Kingdom.
²⁹ Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (National Institute for Infectious diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
³⁰ Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
³¹ Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
³² World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
³³ Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
³⁴ Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland.
³⁵ Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
³⁶ Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
³⁷ Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany.
³⁸ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
³⁹ Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
⁴⁰ Federal Information Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
⁴¹ College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
⁴² Partners in Health (PIH), Freetown, Sierra Leone.
⁴³ Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
⁴⁴ Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴⁵ Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Emerging Diseases, Tropical Diseases and AIDS, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
⁴⁶ Uganda Virus Research Institute, Arbovirology Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases, Entebbe, Uganda.
⁴⁷ Sub-Regional Consortium on Ebola Vaccine and Therapeutic Trials, Clinton Health Access Initiative - Liberia, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴⁸ 34 Military Hospital, Wilberforce Barracks, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
⁴⁹ International Health Regulations, World Health Organization, Kigali, Rwanda.
⁵⁰ Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
⁵¹ Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
⁵² Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa Medical School, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
⁵³ London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
⁵⁴ Médecins Sans Frontières, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁵ Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Kampala, Kampala District, Uganda.
⁵⁶ Direction Générale de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
⁵⁷ Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
⁵⁸ University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
⁵⁹ Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mande, France.
⁶⁰ Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
⁶¹ Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁶² Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
⁶³ Partnership for Ebola Virus Disease Research in Liberia, Monrovia Medical Units ELWA-2 Hospital, Monrovia, Liberia.
⁶⁴ Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium.
⁶⁵ Public Health Agency of Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
⁶⁶ Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
⁶⁷ Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
⁶⁸ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
⁶⁹ University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
⁷⁰ Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
⁷¹ World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

PMID: 30926957
PMCID: PMC6637750
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0187-4

Abstract

The recent large outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Western Africa resulted in greatly increased accumulation of human genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data, and improved our understanding of the spectrum of clinical manifestations. As a result, the WHO disease classification of EVD underwent major revision.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

References

1. Kuhn JH in Marburg- and Ebolaviruses — From Ecosystems to Molecules (eds Mühlberger E, Hensley LL & Towner JS) 447–460 (Springer, 2017).
1. Fukuda K, Wang R & Vallat B Naming diseases: first do no harm. Science 348, 643 (2015). - PubMed
1. Kupferschmidt K Rules of the name. Science 348, 745 (2015). - PubMed

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New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature

Affiliations

New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Research Materials